熔化极气体保护自动焊技术在厚壁高强钢SX780CF上的应用研究

全俊豪; 张佼; 邓小川; 邹刚; 任国清

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.05.013

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精密成形工程 ›› 2026, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (5) : 140-148. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.05.013

先进连接技术

熔化极气体保护自动焊技术在厚壁高强钢SX780CF上的应用研究

全俊豪, 张佼, 邓小川, 邹刚, 任国清^*

作者信息 +

Application of Automatic Gas Metal Arc Welding Technology in Thick-walled High-strength Steel SX780CF

QUAN Junhao, ZHANG Jiao, DENG Xiaochuan, ZOU Gang, REN Guoqing^*

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

目的探究将熔化极气体保护自动焊技术应用于SX780CF厚壁高强钢3G（立焊）和4G（仰焊）位置焊接的可行性及工艺方法,为水电领域抽水蓄能高强钢全位置自动焊的应用及工艺优化提供依据。方法设计适用于SX780CF厚壁高强钢的坡口形式,采用混合气体（Ar+CO₂）与实心焊丝脉冲工艺,运用自动焊设备在3G和4G位置分别完成60 mm厚SX780CF高强钢的焊接。利用电子万能试验机、摆锤冲击试验机和维氏硬度计测试焊接接头力学性能,利用光学显微镜分析接头微观组织,探究组织演变对力学性能的影响。通过TOFD（超声衍射时差法）无损检测仪检测焊接接头内部缺陷,评估接头质量。结果 SX780CF在3G和4G位置的自动焊焊接接头均满足GB 50766—2012力学性能要求。其中,4G接头因熔池体积小、焊道薄,冷却速度显著高于3G接头,导致其组织中硬脆相比例增加,硬度值高于3G接头,但-40 ℃低温冲击吸收功低于3G接头。TOFD检测结果显示,2种位置的焊接接头内部结果均符合I类焊缝合格标准,未发现未熔合、裂纹等缺陷。结论将熔化极气体保护自动焊技术应用于SX780CF厚壁高强钢全位置焊接具有工程可行性。通过优化焊道排布与工艺参数,可在各位置获得合格焊缝。

Abstract

The work aims to explore the feasibility and process methods of applying automatic GMAW (Gas Metal Arc Welding) technology to the 3G (vertical welding) and 4G (overhead welding) position welding of SX780CF thick-walled high-strength steel, thereby providing a basis for the application and process optimization of full-position automatic welding of high-strength steel in pumped-storage projects. A composite groove form suitable for SX780CF thick-walled high-strength steel was designed. Welding of 60 mm thick SX780CF high-strength steel were completed in the 3G and 4G positions using automatic welding equipment with a mixed gas (Ar+CO₂) and solid wire pulse process. An electronic universal testing machine, a pendulum impact testing machine, and a Vickers hardness tester were used to test the mechanical properties of the welded joints. The microstructure of the joints was analyzed with an optical microscope to investigate the influence of microstructural evolution on mechanical properties. The internal defects of the welded joints were detected with a TOFD (Time of Flight Diffraction) non-destructive testing instrument to evaluate joint quality. The results showed that the automatic welding joints of SX780CF in the 3G and 4G positions met the mechanical performance requirements of GB 50766—2012. The 4G joint had a significantly higher cooling rate than the 3G joint due to its smaller melt pool volume and thinner weld bead, resulting in an increased proportion of hard and brittle phases in its microstructure. Its hardness value is higher than that of the 3G joint, but its low-temperature impact absorption energy at -40 ℃ is lower than that of the 3G joint. The TOFD test results indicated that the internal quality of the welded joints in both positions met the Class I weld qualification standards, with no defects such as lack of fusion or cracks observed. Therefore, it can be concluded that applying automatic GMAW technology to the all-position welding of SX780CF thick-walled high-strength steel is feasible. Qualified welds can be obtained at each welding position by optimizing the arrangement of weld beads and process parameters.

导出引用

全俊豪, 张佼, 邓小川, 邹刚, 任国清. 熔化极气体保护自动焊技术在厚壁高强钢SX780CF上的应用研究[J]. 精密成形工程. 2026, 18(5): 140-148 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.05.013

QUAN Junhao, ZHANG Jiao, DENG Xiaochuan, ZOU Gang, REN Guoqing. Application of Automatic Gas Metal Arc Welding Technology in Thick-walled High-strength Steel SX780CF[J]. Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering. 2026, 18(5): 140-148 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.05.013

中图分类号： TV547.6

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