目的 针对厚板铝合金激光深熔焊易产生气孔缺陷的问题,探究焊件倾角和变极性等离子辅助对激光焊接气孔缺陷的缓抑作用。方法 采用激光焊及激光-变极性等离子复合焊2种方法对5083铝合金进行不同焊件倾角下的自熔焊实验,通过X射线检测技术对气孔缺陷进行检测,并对气孔率进行分析。结果 激光焊及激光-变极性等离子复合焊的焊缝均存在冶金（氢）气孔和工艺气孔。当焊件倾角从0°增至40°时,激光焊气孔率从7.45%降至2.48%,激光-变极性等离子复合焊气孔率从3.91%降至1.10%。在焊件倾角相同的情况下,激光-变极性等离子复合焊的气孔数量及尺寸均小于激光焊,气孔率降低平均值约55%。结论 随着焊件倾角的增加,重力作用方向的改变一方面提高了熔池的稳定性,另一方面增大了气泡朝向匙孔逸出的作用力且缩短了气泡的逸出路径,因此焊件倾角对气孔缺陷有缓抑作用。由于变极性等离子弧的加入,其清洁能力有利于减少氢气孔的产生,其对熔池的搅拌作用也促进了气泡的快速逸出,变极性等离子辅助能够明显降低气孔缺陷。
Abstract
To solve the problem that pores are prone to occur in laser deep penetration welding of thick-plate aluminum alloys, the work aims to explore the mitigating effect of weldment inclination angle and variable polarity plasma assistance on the pore defects in laser welding. Two methods, namely laser welding and laser-variable polarity plasma hybrid welding, were employed to conduct autogenous welding tests on 5083 aluminum alloy under different weldment inclination angles. X-ray detection technology was used to detect porosity defects and analyze the porosity rate. Both methods resulted in metallurgical (hydrogen-induced) pores and process pores in the welded seams. When the weldment inclination angle increased from 0° to 40°, the porosity of laser welding decreased from 7.45% to 2.48%, and that of laser-variable polarity plasma hybrid welding decreased from 3.91% to 1.10%. Under the same weldment inclination angle, the number and size of pores in laser-variable polarity plasma hybrid welding were smaller than those in laser welding, with an average reduction in porosity of approximately 55%. With the increase of the weldment inclination angle, the change in the direction of gravitational force, on the one hand, improves the stability of the molten pool, and on the other hand, increases the force for bubbles to escape toward the keyhole and shortens the escape path of bubbles. Therefore, the weldment inclination angle has a mitigating effect on porosity defects. Due to the addition of the variable polarity plasma arc, its cleaning ability helps reduce the generation of hydrogen-induced pores, and its stirring effect on the molten pool also promotes the rapid escape of bubbles. Thus, the variable polarity plasma assistance can significantly reduce porosity defects.
关键词
激光焊 /
复合焊 /
焊件倾角 /
铝合金 /
工艺气孔 /
冶金气孔
Key words
laser welding /
hybrid welding /
weldment inclination angle /
aluminum alloy /
process pores /
metallurgical pores
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基金
江西省自然科学基金（20232ACB204020）; 江西省航空构件成形与连接重点实验室开放基金（EL202303270）; 浙江省“尖兵”“领雁”研发攻关计划（2023C01244）; 江西省科技厅重点研发计划（20241ZDD02017）
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