目的 为电池箱用6061/5083铝合金CMT+P焊接生产提供基础数据和理论指导。方法 开展6061/5083铝合金CMT+P焊接实验,采用金相、XPS、SEM、EDS、EBSD等方法表征组织或成分物相,测试显微硬度、拉伸强度、耐盐雾腐蚀性能。结果 使用ER4043焊丝和ER5356焊丝焊接5083/6061铝合金均能获得成形良好的焊缝。对ER5356焊丝焊道旁的焊灰进行分析,推测焊灰主要由氧化镁和碳酸镁组成;焊灰形成原因主要为焊接过程中镁元素的蒸发。与ER5356焊丝焊缝组织相比,ER4043焊丝焊缝中的析出物分布比较均匀,并且ER4043焊丝焊缝的平均晶粒尺寸更大,比ER5356焊丝焊缝的平均晶粒尺寸增加了9 μm。与ER5356焊丝焊缝拉伸性能相比,ER4043焊丝焊接接头平均抗拉强度降低6.9 MPa,平均延伸率降低2.5%;但是两种焊丝的拉伸性能相差并不大,拉伸试样均断裂在5083侧热影响区。ER4043焊丝焊接接头的平均腐蚀速率为7.143 g/(m2·h),ER5356焊丝焊接接头的平均腐蚀速率为5.020 5 g/(m2·h),并且ER4043焊丝焊缝中腐蚀坑的数量和尺寸要大于ER5356焊丝的,经过对比可知,ER4043焊丝焊缝的耐腐蚀性更差。结论 ER4043焊丝焊缝表面成形优于ER5356焊丝,ER4043焊丝焊接接头强度略低于ER5356焊丝,在盐雾条件下ER4043焊丝焊接接头耐腐蚀性能低于ER5356焊丝,应用领域在对耐腐蚀性能要求不高条件下,ER4043焊丝可代替ER5356焊丝。
Abstract
The work aims to provide basic data and theoretical guidance for CMT+P welding production of 6061/5083 aluminum alloys for battery boxes. The CMT+P welding experiments were conducted on 6061/5083 aluminum alloys. The metallography, XPS, SEM, EDS, EBSD, and other methods were used to characterize microstructure or phase composition and test microhardness, tensile strength, and salt spray corrosion resistance. Both ER4043 and ER5356 welding wires could produce well-formed welds when used to 5083/6061 aluminum alloys. Analysis of the weld spatter near the ER5356 weld bead suggested it primarily consisted of magnesium oxide and magnesium carbonate and the formation of weld spatter was mainly due to the evaporation of magnesium during welding. Compared to the microstructure of ER5356 welds, the precipitates in ER4043 welds were more uniformly distributed, and the average grain size in ER4043 welds was larger, increasing by 9 μm compared to ER5356 welds. Compared to the tensile properties of ER5356 welds, the average tensile strength of ER4043 welded joints was reduced by 6.9 MPa, and the average elongation was reduced by 2.5%. However, the tensile properties of the two wires were not significantly different, with tensile specimens fracturing in the heat-affected zone on the 5083 side. The average corrosion rate of ER4043 welded joints was 7.143 g/(m2·h), while that of ER5356 welded joints was 5.020 5 g/(m2·h). Additionally, the number and size of corrosion pits in ER4043 welds were greater than in ER5356 welds, indicating poorer corrosion resistance for ER4043 welds. The surface formation of ER4043 welds is superior to ER5356 welds, but the strength of ER4043 welded joints is slightly lower than that of ER5356, and the corrosion resistance of ER4043 welded joints is also inferior to ER5356 under salt spray corrosion. Unless corrosion resistance is a primary concern, ER4043 can be used as a substitute for ER5356 welding wire.
关键词
CMT+P /
异种焊丝 /
铝合金 /
焊缝成形 /
盐雾腐蚀
Key words
CMT+P welding /
dissimilar welding wire /
aluminium alloy /
weld formation /
salt spray corrosion
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