目的 通过LaB6颗粒增强相解决选区激光熔化（SLM）成形AlSi10Mg合金各向异性明显、力学性能不佳等问题。方法 采用不同添加量的LaB6颗粒强化AlSi10Mg合金并进行SLM成形,通过OM对成形试样进行微观形貌分析;结合XRD、SEM、EBSD等设备分析不同LaB6添加量成形试样内部组织的异同;通过力学性能分析LaB6颗粒对SLM成形AlSi10Mg合金的强化机制。结果 在XRD分析中未发现第二相生成,随着LaB6强化剂颗粒添加量的增加,α-Al衍射峰向左发生了移动。在微观组织观测中发现,LaB6颗粒将枝晶从长条状转变为网格状,等轴晶数量随LaB6颗粒添加量的增加而增加,[001]织构明显弱化;在力学性能测试中发现,LaB6强化剂颗粒的最佳添加量（质量分数）为0.8%,提高了纵向延伸率,消除了SLM成形AlSi10Mg合金的各向异性。结论 LaB6不仅可以有效细化晶粒,还可以改变晶粒的生长模式。随LaB6颗粒的添加,熔池凝固过程中出现大量异相形核现象,等轴晶比例不断增加,削弱了[001]织构。当添加量超过0.8%（质量分数）后,晶粒细化效果大幅度下降,此时柱状晶完全转变为等轴晶,[001]织构消失。通过拉伸试验发现,LaB6强化剂颗粒可以显著提高合金的纵向延伸率,消除各向异性。但过量添加会因颗粒聚集导致局部脆化,降低韧性。
Abstract
The work aims to address the issues of significant anisotropy and poor mechanical properties in AlSi10Mg alloy formed by selective laser melting (SLM) by LaB6 particle reinforced phase solution. The test was conducted by strengthening AlSi10Mg alloy with different LaB6 particles addition and SLM forming, and analyzing the microstructure of the formed samples through OM. The similarities and differences in the internal structure of formed samples with different LaB6 addition were analyzed by XRD, SEM, EBSD and other equipment. The strengthening mechanism of LaB6 particles on SLM formed AlSi10Mg alloy was analyzed through mechanical properties analysis. The results showed that no second phase formation was observed in XRD analysis, and with the increase of LaB6 strengthening agent particles addition, the α-Al diffraction peak shifted to the left. In microstructural observations, it was found that LaB6 particles transformed dendrites from elongated to grid like, and the number of equiaxed crystals increased with the addition of LaB6 particles, resulting in a significant weakening of the [001] texture; In the mechanical performance test, it was found that the optimal addition amount of LaB6 strengthening agent particles was 0.8wt.%, which increased the longitudinal elongation and eliminated the anisotropy of SLM formed AlSi10Mg alloy. The conclusion is that LaB6 can not only effectively refine the grain size, but also change the growth mode of the grain. With the addition of LaB6 particles, a large number of heterogeneous nucleation phenomena appear during the solidification process of the melt pool, and the proportion of equiaxed crystals continues to increase, weakening the [001] texture. When the addition amount exceeds 0.8wt.%, the grain refinement effect decreases significantly, and the columnar crystals completely transform into equiaxed crystals, and the [001] texture disappears. Through tensile testing, it is found that LaB6 strengthening agent particles can significantly increase the longitudinal elongation of the alloy and eliminate anisotropy. However, excessive addition can cause local brittleness and reduce toughness due to particle aggregation.
关键词
LaB6 /
选区激光熔化 /
AlSi10Mg合金 /
组织性能 /
缺陷控制
Key words
LaB6 /
selective laser melting /
AlSi10Mg alloy /
microstructure and properties /
defect control
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基金
吉林工业职业技术学院科研课题（26KY13KJY）; 吉林省科技厅青年科技人才培养项目（20250602039RC）
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