增材制造在汽车产业中的应用现状及发展趋势

金梁杰; 李峰光; 廖露海; 周晟杰; 刘建永; 林筱鹏; 胡胜波; 杨伟

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.05.006

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精密成形工程 ›› 2026, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (5) : 61-70. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.05.006

增材制造

增材制造在汽车产业中的应用现状及发展趋势

金梁杰, 李峰光^*, 廖露海, 周晟杰, 刘建永, 林筱鹏, 胡胜波, 杨伟

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Current Applications and Future Trends of Additive Manufacturing in the Automotive Industry

JIN Liangjie, LI Fengguang^*, LIAO Luhai, ZHOU Shengjie, LIU Jianyong, LIN Xiaopeng, HU Shengbo, YANG Wei

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文章历史 +

摘要

在全球能源匮乏的大背景下,增材制造技术已经成为汽车行业发展的关键。增材制造技术凭借其设计自由度大、材料利用率高、快速成型等显著优势在汽车产业中展现出巨大潜力。本文系统分析了汽车行业对新型制造技术的需求及增材制造技术与相应需求的匹配度,介绍了粉末床熔融、材料挤出、光固化聚合、黏结剂喷射、材料喷射、定向能量沉积等主流增材制造的技术特性及其在适用材料、精度、速度、成本方面的差异,总结了增材制造在汽车研发、生产工具、终端部件等方面的应用案例。在汽车研发阶段,总结了增材制造技术在结构拓扑优化、发动机水冷系统与结构集成化设计、产品快速原型制作、轻量化设计等方面的典型应用。在汽车制造阶段,总结了增材制造技术在定制化夹具与检具、注塑模具与随形冷却通道以及动力系统、底盘系统、车身与内饰的柴油机凸轮轴、转向节、制动卡钳、车顶内衬等方面的典型应用。基于相关案例分析了增材制造技术在汽车产业推广应用中所面临的挑战及对策,提出增材制造技术汽车生产“研发-工装-部件”全工艺链条协同提升技术路线,为其从辅助工艺走向核心制造提供了依据,有望革新汽车的生产方式,并对汽车行业产生深远影响。

Abstract

Against the backdrop of global energy scarcity, additive manufacturing technology has become a key element in the development of the automotive industry. With significant advantages such as design freedom, high material utilization, and rapid prototyping, additive manufacturing technology shows great potential in the automotive industry. The demand for new manufacturing technologies in the automotive industry and the match between additive manufacturing technology and corresponding needs were analyzed systematically. The technical characteristics of mainstream additive manufacturing methods, including powder bed fusion, material extrusion, photopolymerization, binder jetting, material jetting, and directed energy deposition, as well as their differences in applicable materials, precision, speed, and cost were introduced. The application cases of additive manufacturing in automobile research and development, production tools, and terminal components were summarized. In the automobile research and development stage, the application of additive manufacturing technology in structural topology optimization, the integration design of the engine cooling system and structure, rapid prototyping of products, typical applications in lightweight design were reviewed. In the automobile manufacturing stage, the application of additive manufacturing technology in customized fixtures and inspection tools, injection molds with conformal cooling channels, and specific applications in end components like power systems, chassis systems, body and interior parts including oil extraction camshafts, steering knuckles, brake calipers, and headliners were summed up. Based on relevant case studies, the challenges and countermeasures faced by the promotion and application of additive manufacturing technology in the automotive industry were analyzed, and it was pointed out that additive manufacturing technology could collaboratively improve the technical route for the entire process chain of “R&D-Tooling-Components” of automotive production, providing a basis for moving from auxiliary processes to core manufacturing and was expected to revolutionize automotive production methods and have a profound impact on the automotive industry.

导出引用

金梁杰, 李峰光, 廖露海, 周晟杰, 刘建永, 林筱鹏, 胡胜波, 杨伟. 增材制造在汽车产业中的应用现状及发展趋势[J]. 精密成形工程. 2026, 18(5): 61-70 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.05.006

JIN Liangjie, LI Fengguang, LIAO Luhai, ZHOU Shengjie, LIU Jianyong, LIN Xiaopeng, HU Shengbo, YANG Wei. Current Applications and Future Trends of Additive Manufacturing in the Automotive Industry[J]. Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering. 2026, 18(5): 61-70 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.05.006

中图分类号： TG665

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