IMI834/Ti6246双合金惯性摩擦焊接头界面结合机理研究

查小晖; 冯凯凯; 史善广; 杨雨晨; 鹿泽伦; 曾心耘; 曹胜; 赵张龙

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.05.005

PDF(21495 KB)

精密成形工程 ›› 2026, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (5) : 49-60. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.05.005

增材制造

IMI834/Ti6246双合金惯性摩擦焊接头界面结合机理研究

查小晖^1,2, 冯凯凯¹, 史善广^1,3,*, 杨雨晨¹, 鹿泽伦⁴, 曾心耘¹, 曹胜⁵, 赵张龙⁵

作者信息 +

Interfacial Bonding Behavior of IMI834/Ti6246 Dual Alloy Joints Prepared by Inertial Friction Welding

ZHA Xiaohui^1,2, FENG Kaikai¹, SHI Shanguang^1,3,*, YANG Yuchen¹, LU Zelun⁴, ZENG Xinyun¹, CAO Sheng⁵, ZHAO Zhanglong⁵

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

目的针对航空发动机压气机盘异质材料连接需求,研究惯性摩擦焊过程中IMI834近α钛合金与Ti6246近β钛合金接头界面微观组织动态演变规律,揭示异种钛合金接头界面动态再结晶、晶粒生长与相变协同演化的结合机理。方法采用惯性摩擦焊进行了IMI834高温和Ti6246高强钛合金锥面连接,通过光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜分析了接头不同阶段的微观组织演化和界面结合机理。结果在接头形成初始阶段,在摩擦热力耦合作用下双合金界面温度迅速超过β相变点,原始α相完全转变为β相,并伴随剧烈热塑性变形与动态再结晶;IMI834合金侧形成交错状片层α相,Ti6246合金侧因β相稳定元素较高,形成亚稳β晶粒组织,晶粒内位错密度显著积累。在结合阶段,IMI834侧片层α相粗化,Ti6246侧β晶粒长大并伴随针状α相析出。EBSD分析结果表明,在高温高压作用下,两侧合金再结晶晶粒跨界面生长实现双合金界面的冶金结合。结论阐明了IMI834/Ti6246双合金惯性摩擦焊过程中热塑性变形→动态再结晶→晶界迁移→α相析出的界面结合动态演化机理,为航空发动机异质钛合金构件的可靠连接提供了理论依据。

Abstract

To meet the joining requirement of dissimilar materials for aero-engine compressor disks, the work aims to investigate the dynamic evolution law of the interfacial microstructure during inertia friction welding (IFW) of IMI834 near-α titanium alloy and Ti6246 near-β titanium alloy, and reveal the bonding mechanism of the synergistic evolution of dynamic recrystallization (DRX), grain growth, and phase transformation at the interface of dissimilar titanium alloy joints. IFW was employed to realize the conical joint formation of IMI834 high-temperature titanium alloy and Ti6246 high-strength titanium alloy. The microstructure evolution of the joint at different stages and the interfacial bonding mechanism were characterized via optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The interfacial temperature of the two alloys rose rapidly above the β-phase transformation point under the thermomechanical coupling induced by friction at the initial stage of joint formation. The original α-phase fully transformed into β-phase under the impact of severe thermoplastic deformation and DRX. A staggered lamellar α-phase developed on the IMI834 alloy side, whereas a metastable β-grain structure within a significant accumulation of dislocation density formed on the Ti6246 alloy side owing to its higher content of β-stabilizing elements. In the bonding stage, the lamellar α-phase on the IMI834 side underwent coarsening, and the β-grains on the Ti6246 side grew along with the precipitation of acicular α-phase. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis revealed that the recrystallized grains grew across the interface on both sides which achieved interfacial metallurgical bonding of the alloys under the combined action of high temperature and high pressure. The dynamic evolution mechanism of interfacial bonding during the IFW process of IMI834/Ti6246 dissimilar alloys is clarified, which proceeds in the sequence of thermoplastic deformation → DRX → grain boundary migration → α-phase precipitation, providing a theoretical foundation for the reliable joining of dissimilar titanium alloy components in aero-engines.

导出引用

查小晖, 冯凯凯, 史善广, 杨雨晨, 鹿泽伦, 曾心耘, 曹胜, 赵张龙. IMI834/Ti6246双合金惯性摩擦焊接头界面结合机理研究[J]. 精密成形工程. 2026, 18(5): 49-60 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.05.005

ZHA Xiaohui, FENG Kaikai, SHI Shanguang, YANG Yuchen, LU Zelun, ZENG Xinyun, CAO Sheng, ZHAO Zhanglong. Interfacial Bonding Behavior of IMI834/Ti6246 Dual Alloy Joints Prepared by Inertial Friction Welding[J]. Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering. 2026, 18(5): 49-60 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.05.005

中图分类号： TG166.7

参考文献

[1] 刘大响. 一代新材料, 一代新型发动机: 航空发动机的发展趋势及其对材料的需求[J]. 材料工程, 2017, 45(10): 1-5.
LIU D X.One Generation of New Material, One Generation of New Type Engine: Development Trend of Aero-Engine and Its Requirements for Materials[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2017, 45(10): 1-5.
[2] 弭光宝, 谭勇, 陈航, 等. 增材制造600 ℃高温钛合金研究进展[J]. 航空材料学报, 2024, 44(1): 15-30.
MI G B, TAN Y, CHEN H, et al.Progress on Additive Manufacturing of 600 ℃ High-Temperature Titanium Alloys[J]. Journal of Aeronautical Materials, 2024, 44(1): 15-30.
[3] 刘世锋, 宋玺, 薛彤, 等. 钛合金及钛基复合材料在航空航天的应用和发展[J]. 航空材料学报, 2020, 40(3): 77-94.
LIU S F, SONG X, XUE T, et al.Application and Development of Titanium Alloy and Titanium Matrix Composites in Aerospace Field[J]. Journal of Aeronautical Materials, 2020, 40(3): 77-94.
[4] TAN C L, WENG F, SUI S, et al.Progress and Perspectives in Laser Additive Manufacturing of Key Aeroengine Materials[J]. International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, 2021, 170: 103804.
[5] 高峻, 罗皎, 李淼泉. 航空发动机双性能盘制造技术与机理的研究进展[J]. 航空材料学报, 2012, 32(6): 37-43.
GAO J, LUO J, LI M Q.Advance in Manufacture Technology and Mechanism of Aero-Engine Dual Property Disk[J]. Journal of Aeronautical Materials, 2012, 32(6): 37-43.
[6] 赵张龙, 宋旭阳, 曹澜川, 等. 等温变形对惯性摩擦焊IMI834/Ti6246双钛合金组织与性能的影响[J]. 稀有金属材料与工程, 2020, 49(7): 2388-2392.
ZHAO Z L, SONG X Y, CAO L C, et al.Effect of Isothermal Deforming on the Microstructure and Property of Inertial Friction Welding IMI834/Ti6246 Dual Titanium Alloy[J]. Rare Metal Materials and Engineering, 2020, 49(7): 2388-2392.
[7] ZHANG J L, LI H M, ZHANG Y Q, et al.Microstructure and Deformation Mechanism of Dissimilar Titanium Alloy Ti600/Ti₂₂Al₂₅Nb Weld Joints Strengthened by Isothermal Forging[J]. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2023, 869: 144807.
[8] GUO Z G, MA T J, YANG X W, et al.Multi-Scale Analyses of Phase Transformation Mechanisms and Hardness in Linear Friction Welded Ti₁₇(α+β)/Ti₁₇(β) Dissimilar Titanium Alloy Joint[J]. Chinese Journal of Aeronautics, 2024, 37(1): 312-324.
[9] ZHENG Z B, ZHAO P D, ZHAN M, et al.The Roles of Rise and Fall Time in Load Shedding and Strain Partitioning under the Dwell Fatigue of Titanium Alloys with Different Microstructures[J]. International Journal of Plasticity, 2022, 149: 103161.
[10] LIU X Y, LI H W, ZHAN M, et al.Quantitative Characterization of Lamellar α Precipitation Behavior of IMI834 Ti-Alloy in Isothermal and Non-Isothermal Heat Treatments[J]. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 2022, 32(1): 162-174.
[11] ZHAN C, WANG H Y, XU X Y, et al.Recrystallization and Spheroidization Mechanisms in Ti6246 Alloy under Thermomechanical Treatment[J]. Materials Today Communications, 2024, 41: 110510.
[12] QI M, MA Y J, YANG J, et al.Microtexture Evolution Effected by Mo Content in α+β Titanium Alloys[J]. Materials Characterization, 2022, 188: 111884.
[13] WANG H, QIN G L, FU B L, et al.Simulation of Thermal-Mechanical Coupling in Al Alloy/Steel Inertia Friction Welding[J]. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 2025, 285: 109806.
[14] LI C A, QIN G L, WANG H.Omnidirectional Simulation Analysis of Thermo-Mechanical Coupling Mechanism in Inertia Friction Welding of Ni-Based Superalloy[J]. Chinese Journal of Aeronautics, 2025, 38(1): 103047.
[15] TURNER R P, HOWE D, THOTA B, et al.Calculating the Energy Required to Undergo the Conditioning Phase of a Titanium Alloy Inertia Friction Weld[J]. Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 2016, 24: 186-194.
[16] 张露, 韩秀峰, 阮雪茜. 惯性摩擦焊在商用航空发动机中的应用与研究现状[J]. 电焊机, 2022, 52(5): 91-98.
ZHANG L, HAN X F, RUAN X X.Application and Research Status of Inertia Friction Welding in Commercial Aeroengine[J]. Electric Welding Machine, 2022, 52(5): 91-98.
[17] 周军, 张春波, 杜淼, 等. 摩擦焊在航空领域的应用[J]. 焊接, 2017(6): 1-5.
ZHOU J, ZHANG C B, DU M, et al.Application of Friction Welding in Field of Aviation[J]. Welding & Joining, 2017(6): 1-5.
[18] LU D S, YOU G Q, LUO J C, et al.Effects of Rotational Speed on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Inertia Friction-Welded 7005-5083 Aluminum Alloy Joints[J]. Journal of Materials Science, 2020, 55(26): 12338-12352.
[19] ZHOU J, WU Y Q, ZHANG C B, et al.Investigations into the Microstructure and Texture Evolution of Inertia-Friction-Welded Dissimilar Titanium Alloys[J]. Metals, 2023, 13(9): 1575.
[20] LIU Y Y, TIAN W T, YANG Q H, et al.Inertia Radial Friction Welding of Ti₆₀(near-α)/TC18(near-β) Bimetallic Components: Interfacial Bonding Mechanism, Heterogenous Microstructure and Mechanical Properties[J]. Materials Characterization, 2024, 208: 113598.
[21] 秦志伟, 赵强, 张露, 等. 镍基高温合金GH4065A与IN718惯性摩擦焊接研究进展[J]. 精密成形工程, 2024, 16(10): 28-40.
QIN Z W, ZHAO Q, ZHANG L, et al.Research Progress on Inertial Friction Welding of Nickel-Based Superalloy GH4065A and IN718[J]. Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering, 2024, 16(10): 28-40.
[22] 史栋刚, 马铁军, 杨思乾. TC4钛合金线性摩擦焊接头的飞边研究[J]. 焊接, 2010(9): 54-58.
SHI D G, MA T J, YANG S Q.Flash in Linearity Friction Welding of TC4 Titanium Alloy[J]. Welding & Joining, 2010(9): 54-58.
[23] WU Y Q, ZHANG C B, ZHOU J, et al.Analysis of the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties during Inertia Friction Welding of the Near-α TA19 Titanium Alloy[J]. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2020, 33: 88.
[24] GUO Z G, MA T J, YANG X W, et al.Comprehensive Investigation on Linear Friction Welding a Dissimilar Material Joint between Ti₁₇(α+β) and Ti₁₇(β): Microstructure Evolution, Failure Mechanisms, with Simultaneous Optimization of Tensile and Fatigue Properties[J]. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2024, 909: 146818.
[25] LI C M, HUANG L, LI C L, et al.Research Progress on Hot Deformation Behavior of High-Strength β Titanium Alloy: Flow Behavior and Constitutive Model[J]. Rare Metals, 2022, 41(5): 1434-1455.
[26] ZHAO P K, TAO Y F, FANG K, et al.Microstructure, Texture, and Compressive Properties of TC11/TC17 Linear Friction Welded Joint at Elevated Temperatures[J]. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2022, 854: 143880.
[27] ZHAO P K, HU Y X, GENG P H, et al.Effective Toughening of Dissimilar Ti Alloy Friction Welded Joint by Combining Electropulsing Thermal and Athermal Effects[J]. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2024, 909: 146864.
[28] LYPCHANSKYI O, MUSZKA K, WYNNE B, et al.Microstructural Analysis of Titanium Alloys Based on High-Temperature Phase Reconstruction[J]. Journal of Materials Science, 2024, 59(40): 18901-18915.
[29] WANG D D, FAN Q B, YANG L, et al.Effects of Rolling Reduction on Burgers Orientation Relationship and Slip Behavior of a Ti-5.5Mo-7.2Al-4.5Zr-2.6Sn-2.1Cr Alloy[J]. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 2021, 15: 3099-3109.
[30] GUO Z G, MA T J, CHEN X, et al.Interfacial Bonding Mechanism of Linear Friction Welded Dissimilar Ti₂AlNb-Ti60 Joint: Grain Intergrowth Induced by Combined Effects of Dynamic Recrystallization, Phase Transformation and Elemental Diffusion[J]. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 2023, 24: 5660-5668.
[31] GUO Z G, MA T J, LI W Y, et al.Intergrowth Bonding Mechanism and Mechanical Property of Linear Friction Welded Dissimilar Near-Alpha to Near-Beta Titanium Alloy Joint[J]. Advanced Engineering Materials, 2021, 23(5): 2001479.