目的 研究2024、7A09等铝合金的应变硬化指数演化规律、应力-应变关系、塑性流动特性,进而探索适合这些材料的流动应力模型,为这些材料在零件设计、精密制造及精确有限元计算中提供更好的材料模型。方法 通过将单拉试验与应力、应变理论公式相结合,获取试验过程中应变硬化指数n的演化历程,得到应变硬化指数与应变量的关系,建立2024和7A09铝合金的应力-应变曲线,验证Hollomon-n流动应力模型的有效性。结果 通过分析试验数据发现,2024和7A09铝合金的n值并非定值,而是随着应变的增加呈现非线性下降的趋势,当应变较小时,n值迅速下降,当应变较大时,n值缓慢下降,最后趋于平稳;基于此采用变n值的Hollomon-n流动应力模型能够更好地描述2种铝合金的应力-应变关系,并且2种铝合金材料的误差eHollomon-n平均值均低于5.4%,表明该流动应力模型有较高的预测精度。结论 在变形过程中,2024和7A09铝合金的n值非恒定,与应变量的关系符合幂函数关系;变n值的Hollomon-n流动应力模型能够很好地描述这2种铝合金的应力-应变关系。
Abstract
The work aims to study the strain hardening index evolution law, stress-strain relationship and plastic flow characteristics of aluminum alloys such as 2024 and 7A09, and to explore the flow stress model suitable for these materials, so as to provide better material model selection for these materials in part design, precision manufacturing and accurate finite element calculation. The evolution history of strain hardening indexes during the test was obtained by combining the single tension test with the theoretical formula of stress and strain, and the relationship between strain hardening indexes and strain variables was obtained. The stress-strain curves of 2024 and 7A09 aluminum alloys were established to verify the validity of the Hollomon-n flow stress model. By analyzing the test data, it was found that the n values of 2024 and 7A09 aluminum alloys were not fixed, but showed a nonlinear decreasing trend with the increase of strain. The n values decreased rapidly at small strain and slowly at large strain, and finally tended to be stable. Based on this, the Hollomon n flow stress model with variable n values could better describe the stress-strain relationship of the two aluminum alloys, and the error eHollomon-n average values of the two aluminum alloys were lower than 5.4%, indicating that the flow stress model had high prediction accuracy. The n values of 2024 and 7A09 aluminum alloys are not constant in the deformation process, and the relationship between the n values and the dependent variables is in accordance with the power function. Hollomon-n flow stress model with variable n values can describe the stress-strain relationship of these two aluminum alloys well.
关键词
铝合金 /
应变硬化指数 /
流动应力模型 /
非接触测量 /
单向拉伸试验
Key words
aluminum alloy /
strain hardening index /
flow stress model /
non-contact measurement /
unidirectional tensile test
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基金
中国航天科技集团航天推进技术研究院创新中心发展基金项目（2023Tm.YY5354Sd）
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