含Si-Al中碳钢Mf点淬火等温马氏体相变行为及其超高韧性机理

胡锋; 王同良; 王坤; 邱保文

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.04.014

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精密成形工程 ›› 2026, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (4) : 136-146. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.04.014

钢铁成形

含Si-Al中碳钢M_f点淬火等温马氏体相变行为及其超高韧性机理

胡锋^1,2,3, 王同良^1,2,4,*, 王坤³, 邱保文^1,2,4

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Martensitic Transformation Behavior and Ultra-high Toughness Mechanism of M_f Point Quenching Isothermal in the Medium Carbon Steel Containing Si-Al

HU Feng^1,2,3, WANG Tongliang^1,2,4,*, WANG Kun³, QIU Baowen^1,2,4

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摘要

目的针对传统中碳钢高强度与超高韧性难以协同提升的问题,以含Si-Al中碳钢为研究对象,系统对比传统淬火回火（QT）与新型M_f点淬火等温（QI）工艺,揭示M_f点（200 ℃）等温相变行为对材料强韧性的影响机制;通过调控等温时间优化碳配分效应与残余奥氏体稳定性,以开发兼具高强度与超高韧性的结构钢。方法利用OM、SEM观察显微组织,通过TEM分析板条宽度与残余奥氏体形态,通过XRD计算残余奥氏体碳含量,并通过拉伸与冲击试验评价力学性能。结果在QT工艺下,显微组织为回火马氏体与ε-碳化物;而QI工艺通过碳配分效应形成等温马氏体/高碳残余奥氏体（1.46%）片层结构,残余奥氏体体积分数稳定在5.5%,等温马氏体板条平均宽度降至(216±95) nm（较QT细化42.7%）。QI200-32的冲击吸收功>130 J,是QT200-32的2.7倍,同时保持1 436 MPa的抗拉强度,实现了高强度与超高韧性的协同提升。结论突破了传统QT工艺的强韧性倒置限制,M_f点淬火等温工艺通过碳配分主导的相变机制调控马氏体和残留奥氏体双相组织,超高韧性归因于等温马氏体板条细化显著提升了位错阻碍效应,以及高碳残余奥氏体薄膜通过TRIP效应吸收塑性变形功,偏转与钝化裂纹。本研究为开发高强度-超高韧性中碳钢提供了新思路,通过调控M_f点淬火等温相变行为,优化片层组织与碳配分设计,可显著改善材料的抗断裂性能。

Abstract

In response to the bottleneck problem of difficult synergistic improvement of high strength and ultra-high toughness in traditional medium carbon steel, the work aims to take the medium carbon steel containing Si-Al as the object, to systematically compare the traditional quenching and tempering (QT) with the new M_f point quenching isothermal (QI) process, and reveal the effect mechanism of M_f point (200 ℃) isothermal phase transformation behavior on material strength and toughness, so as to develop structural steels that combine high strength and ultra-high toughness by adjusting the isothermal time to optimize the carbon distribution effect and retained austenite stability. The microstructure was observed through OM and SEM, the width of lath and the morphology of retained austenite were analyzed by TEM, the carbon content of retained austenite was calculated by XRD, and the mechanical properties were evaluated by tensile and impact tests. The microstructure under QT process consisted of tempered martensite and ε-carbides. However, the QI process formed a lamellar structure of isothermal martensite/high carbon retained austenite (1.46%) through carbon partition effect, the volume fraction of retained austenite was stabilized at 5.5%, and the average width of isothermal martensite lath was reduced to (216±95) nm (42.7% finer than QT). The impact absorption energy of QI200-32 reached >130 J, which was 2.7 times that of QT200-32, while a tensile strength of 1 436 MPa was maintained, achieving a synergistic improvement of high strength and ultra-high toughness. The study breaks through the inversion limit of strength and toughness of the traditional QT process, and the M_f point quenching isothermal process regulates the dual phase structure (martensite and retained austenite) through the transformation mechanism dominated by carbon distribution. The ultra-high toughness is attributed to the refinement of isothermal martensite lath, which significantly improves the dislocation blocking effect, and the high carbon retained austenite film absorbs plastic deformation work, deflects and passivates cracks through the TRIP effect. This study provides a new approach for the development of high-strength and ultra-high toughness medium carbon steel. By regulating the isothermal phase transformation behavior of M_f point quenching and optimizing the layer structure and carbon distribution design, the fracture resistance of the material can be significantly improved.

导出引用

胡锋, 王同良, 王坤, 邱保文. 含Si-Al中碳钢M_f点淬火等温马氏体相变行为及其超高韧性机理[J]. 精密成形工程. 2026, 18(4): 136-146 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.04.014

HU Feng, WANG Tongliang, WANG Kun, QIU Baowen. Martensitic Transformation Behavior and Ultra-high Toughness Mechanism of M_f Point Quenching Isothermal in the Medium Carbon Steel Containing Si-Al[J]. Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering. 2026, 18(4): 136-146 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.04.014

中图分类号： TG1

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