目的 研究PAW-GTAW复合焊接工艺,实现“1+1>2”的复合焊接优势,获得更高质、高效的复合焊接接头。
方法 首先自行设计搭建了PAW-GTAW复合焊接平台,通过拍摄耦合前后各工艺电弧的变化以及测量电弧电压、电流信号,进一步分析耦合前后的电弧静特性,从而初步探索PAW-GTAW复合焊接工艺机理;其次定量对比复合前后焊接接头熔深、熔宽的变化情况,并阐述耦合电弧对表面成形改善的作用机理。
结果 耦合电弧的作用可以有效提升等离子电弧电压的稳定性,并且降低复合后PAW平均电弧电压,而非熔化极保护焊电弧复合前后没有明显变化。耦合后,复合焊接接头熔深呈现“PAW熔深+GTAW熔深<PAW-GTAW复合焊熔深”的复合焊接优势,相较于单一PAW焊接接头,其熔宽增加了0.99 mm。
结论 PAW-GTAW复合焊接工艺对焊接速度和焊接熔深具有“1+1>2”的复合焊接优势;复合后,电弧对焊缝表面成形有明显的改善作用,可见复合工艺不仅能提升电弧的能量密度,还能调节焊缝熔池热-力分布及熔融液态金属的流动。
Abstract
The work aims to study the PAW-GTAW hybrid welding process, achieve a synergistic effect of “1+1>2”, and obtain higher-quality and more efficient hybrid welded joints. A self-designed PAW-GTAW hybrid welding platform was constructed for experimentation. Firstly, by capturing the changes of each process arc before and after coupling and measuring the arc voltage and current signals, the static characteristics of the arc before and after coupling were further analyzed, thereby preliminarily exploring the mechanism of the PAW-GTAW hybrid welding process. Secondly, quantitative comparisons of weld penetration depth and bead width before and after coupling were conducted to elucidate the mechanism by which the coupled arc improved surface formation. The coupled arc significantly enhanced the stability of the plasma arc voltage while reducing the average PAW voltage after coupling, with minimal changes observed in the GTAW arc. The hybrid weld exhibited a synergistic penetration effect of "PAW penetration depth +GTAW penetration depth < PAW-GTAW hybrid welding penetration depth", and the bead width increased by 0.99 mm compared with single PAW welding. The PAW-GTAW hybrid welding process demonstrates a “1+1>2” advantage in welding speed and penetration depth. The coupled arc notably improves weld surface formation, indicating that the hybrid process not only increases arc energy density but also optimizes the thermal-mechanical distribution in the molten pool and the flow of molten metal.
关键词
PAW-GTAW /
复合焊接 /
平台设计 /
电弧特性 /
焊缝表面成形
Key words
PAW-GTAW /
hybrid welding /
platform design /
arc characteristics /
formation of weld surface
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