目的 揭示外加纵向交变磁场对CMT升压阶段电弧形态的影响。方法 以铝合金为基板对焊接电弧进行数值模拟,对使用高速摄影机拍摄的电弧与模拟结果进行对比验证。结果 施加磁场后,电弧形态从圆锥形变为钟罩形,电弧会周期性地向y轴正负半轴偏转。电流密度与电势分布会随着电弧形态的变化而变化。电弧最高温度约为18 000 K,电流密度与电势最高值约为1.5×108 A/m2与18 V。磁场会影响电弧中的电流密度与电势值,洛伦兹力会随着磁感应强度的增加而增加。施加磁场后,电弧等离子体受到洛伦兹力的影响,其运动轨迹变为螺旋形,弧长有所增加,导致电势增加。在交变磁场的作用下,带电粒子受力状态时刻发生变化,致使电弧偏转与发散。模拟的电弧形态与实验结果相吻合,电弧面积与模拟值平均相对误差为8.82%。在90 Hz时,焊缝成形良好,气孔数量最小。结论 在磁场的作用下,电弧形态从圆锥形变为钟罩形,带电粒子运动轨迹变为螺旋形,弧长有一定的增加,导致电势增加。在90 Hz时,电弧形态稳定,焊缝成形良好,气孔较少。
Abstract
The work aims to investigate the effect of an externally applied longitudinal alternating magnetic field on the arc morphology during the CMT boost phase. Numerical simulations of the welding arc were conducted with an aluminum alloy substrate. High-speed cameras were employed to capture arc images, which were then compared with simulation results for validation. After the magnetic field was applied, the arc morphology changed from conical to bell-shaped, and the arc periodically oscillated between the positive and negative halves of the y-axis. The current density and potential distribution varied with changes in the arc morphology. The maximum temperature of the arc was approximately 18 000 K, with peak current density and potential values of approximately 1.5×108 A/m² and 18 V, respectively. The magnetic field affected the current density and potential values within the arc, and the Lorentz force increased with the magnetic flux density. After a magnetic field was applied, the arc plasma was affected by the Lorentz force, causing its trajectory to become spiral-shaped, resulting in an increase in arc length and potential. Under the effect of an alternating magnetic field, the force state of charged particles changed constantly, causing the arc to exhibit deflection and divergence. The simulated arc shape aligned with experimental results, with an average relative error of 8.82% between the arc area and simulated values. At 90 Hz, the weld bead formation became the optimal, with the minimum number of porosity defects. Under the effect of the magnetic field, the arc morphology changes from conical to bell-shaped, the trajectory of charged particles becomes spiral-shaped, and the arc length increases slightly, leading to an increase in potential. At 90 Hz, the arc morphology becomes stable, the weld bead formation is improved, and the occurrence of porosity defects is reduced.
关键词
纵向交变磁场 /
电弧形态 /
电流密度 /
电势 /
洛伦兹力 /
焊缝成形
Key words
longitudinal alternating magnetic field /
arc morphology /
current density /
potential /
Lorentz force /
weld bead formation
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基金
国家重点研发计划（2023YFE0201500）; 广州市科技计划（201604046026）; 广东省科学院发展专项资金项目（2020GDASYL-20200301001）
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