高性能铝基复合材料制备工艺与性能调控研究进展

刘风坤; 龙绍檑; 桂琴; 潘胜善; 罗相兰; 张文旭

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.03.021

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精密成形工程 ›› 2026, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (3) : 194-209. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.03.021

复合材料成形

高性能铝基复合材料制备工艺与性能调控研究进展

刘风坤^1,2, 龙绍檑^3,*, 桂琴³, 潘胜善³, 罗相兰³, 张文旭³

作者信息 +

Advances in Fabrication Processes and Property Regulation of High-performance Aluminum Matrix Composites

LIU Fengkun^1,2, LONG Shaolei^3,*, GUI Qin³, PAN Shengshan³, LUO Xianglan³, ZHANG Wenxu³

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文章历史 +

摘要

铝基复合材料（Aluminum Matrix Composites, AMCs）因其轻质高强、可设计性强等特性,在航空航天、汽车制造及电子信息等高端装备领域展现出不可替代的应用潜力。然而,传统制备技术如粉末冶金与搅拌铸造仍面临增强相分散不均、界面结合弱及成本高等问题,难以满足极端工况对材料综合性能的严苛需求。本文系统综述了AMCs在制备工艺、性能优化与界面调控等领域的最新研究进展：一方面,传统方法持续改进,增材制造、喷射沉积与原位合成等新兴技术则通过精准调控增强相分布及界面反应动力学,推动界面结合机制从机械互锁向原子级键合跃升;另一方面,大量研究揭示了增强相含量、尺寸及分布对力学性能的非线性协同规律,实验结合多尺度建模明确了位错钉扎、载荷传递效率及粒子激发动态再结晶等强化机制的贡献权重。此外,界面工程已由宏观扩散层调控延伸至亚埃级反应产物控制,适度结合界面正成为突破强度-韧性倒置矛盾的关键设计准则。尽管如此,制备成本居高不下、界面长效稳定性不足,以及大尺寸构件塑性加工困难,仍是制约AMCs规模化应用的关键难题。未来研究亟须突破低成本短流程粉末冶金、界面智能改性及增材制造工艺-组织-性能一体化调控,以推动铝基复合材料向高性能、多功能与绿色制备方向跨越发展。

Abstract

Aluminum Matrix Composites (AMCs) hold significant potential for applications in high-end sectors such as aerospace, automotive manufacturing, and electronic information due to their lightweight, high strength, and strong design flexibility. However, traditional preparation methods like powder metallurgy and stirred casting encounter challenges such as uneven dispersion of reinforcing phases, weak interfacial bonding, and high costs, which hinder meeting the stringent performance requirements under extreme conditions. This paper reviews recent research advancements in AMCs concerning preparation processes, performance optimization, and interface regulation. Traditional methods are being refined, while emerging technologies like additive manufacturing, spray deposition, and in-situ synthesis enhance phase distribution and interface reaction kinetics through precise regulation, advancing the bonding mechanism from mechanical interlocking to atomic-level bonding. Additionally, numerous studies reveal the nonlinear synergistic effects of the content, size, and distribution of reinforcing phases on mechanical properties. Experiments combined with multi-scale modeling clarify the contributions of strengthening mechanisms such as dislocation pinning, load transfer efficiency, and particle-excited dynamic recrystallization. Furthermore, interface engineering has evolved from macro-diffusion layer control to sub-a-level reaction product control. The balanced integration of interfaces is emerging as a key design principle to resolve the strength-toughness trade-off. Nonetheless, high preparation costs, insufficient long-term interface stability, and challenges in plastic processing of large components remain significant barriers to the widespread application of AMCs. Future research must focus on breakthroughs in low-cost, short-process powder metallurgy, intelligent interface modification, and integrated control of the additive manufacturing process, microstructure, and performance to advance aluminum matrix composites toward high performance, multi functions, and sustainable production.

导出引用

刘风坤, 龙绍檑, 桂琴, 潘胜善, 罗相兰, 张文旭. 高性能铝基复合材料制备工艺与性能调控研究进展[J]. 精密成形工程. 2026, 18(3): 194-209 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.03.021

LIU Fengkun, LONG Shaolei, GUI Qin, PAN Shengshan, LUO Xianglan, ZHANG Wenxu. Advances in Fabrication Processes and Property Regulation of High-performance Aluminum Matrix Composites[J]. Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering. 2026, 18(3): 194-209 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.03.021

中图分类号： TG457.11 TG47

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