目的 针对SiCp/6061Al复合材料激光焊接中易出现气孔、裂纹及脆性Al4C3相等问题,研究了多组分活性剂（Cr2O3, Na3AlF6, Si）对焊接接头形貌与力学性能的影响。方法 通过设计不同组分的活性剂,并将其涂覆于对接接头上表面,在相同工艺参数下进行激光焊接实验,并对焊缝组织及力学性能进行表征。结果 相较于单组分Cr2O3活性剂,双组分活性剂实验结果初步显示,其各成分间存在协同效应,对焊缝宏观形貌、微观组织以及接头力学性能产生显著影响。Cr2O3-Na3AlF6-Si三组分活性剂能产生最佳协同效应：显著降低焊缝气孔率;抑制有害相Al4C3生成长大,调控平均尺寸（5~20 μm）;提升接头抗拉强度（110.6 MPa→160.5 MPa）。同时,活性剂共同作用优化了焊接热过程与熔池动力学,促进了从等轴晶区到Al4C3富集区的连续梯度组织形成,并抑制了硬脆相Mg2Si在晶界的连续网状析出。结论 预置多组分活性剂涂层工艺是提升SiCp/Al复合材料激光焊接质量的有效方式。
Abstract
The work aims to investigate the effects of multi-component activating fluxes (Cr2O3, Na3AlF6, Si) on the weld morphology and mechanical properties of joints in laser welding of SiCp/6061Al composites to address the issues of porosity, cracking, and brittle Al4C3 phase formation commonly encountered during laser welding. Different flux formulations were designed and applied to the top surface of the butt joints. Laser welding experiments were conducted under consistent process parameters, followed by characterization of the weld microstructure and mechanical properties. The results indicated that, compared with the single-component Cr2O3 flux, the dual-component fluxes preliminarily demonstrated a synergistic effect among the constituents, significantly influencing the weld macrostructure, microstructure, and joint mechanical properties. The Cr2O3-Na3AlF6-Si three-component activating flux produced the optimal synergistic effect: It significantly reduced weld porosity; inhibited the formation and growth of the detrimental Al4C3 phase, controlling its average size (5-20 μm); and enhanced the joint tensile strength (from 110.6 MPa to 160.5 MPa). Simultaneously, the combined action of the activating fluxes optimized the welding thermal process and molten pool dynamics, promoting the formation of a continuous gradient microstructure from the equiaxed grain zone to the Al4C3-enriched zone, and suppressed the continuous network precipitation of the hard and brittle Mg2Si phase at grain boundaries. This research demonstrates that the pre-placed multi-component activating flux coating process is an effective method for improving the laser welding quality of SiCp/Al composites.
关键词
SiCp/6061Al复合材料 /
激光焊接 /
活性剂 /
协同效应 /
力学性能
Key words
SiCp/6061Al composites /
laser welding /
active agent /
synergistic effect /
mechanical properties
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基金
宁夏自然科学基金重点项目（2024AAC02007）; 宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目（2024BEE03004）; 国家自然科学基金项目（52361030）
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