SLM参数对Haynes 230合金成形质量的影响

韩金超; 张莹; 王长河; 黄鸶涵; 张子恒; 江金诚; 张倚

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.03.016

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精密成形工程 ›› 2026, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (3) : 146-155. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.03.016

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SLM参数对Haynes 230合金成形质量的影响

韩金超, 张莹^*, 王长河, 黄鸶涵, 张子恒, 江金诚, 张倚

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Effects of SLM Parameters on Forming Quality of Haynes 230 Alloy

HAN Jinchao, ZHANG Ying^*, WANG Changhe, HUANG Sihan, ZHANG Ziheng, JIANG Jincheng, ZHANG Yi

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摘要

目的研究激光功率、扫描速度、扫描间距对SLM成形镍基高温合金Haynes 230成形质量的影响规律。方法通过将激光功率、扫描速度、扫描间距3个工艺参数的不同水平进行组合,确定了27组SLM工艺方案,并分别进行了SLM成形试验,然后根据阿基米德原理测量各试样的致密度,采用扫描电子显微镜观察各试样的微观组织和缺陷类型,分析缺陷形成机理,探究致密度和缺陷随工艺参数的变化规律,确定SLM成形Haynes 230合金的最佳工艺参数。结果当激光功率为155 W、扫描速度为700 mm/s、扫描间距为90 μm时,合金的致密度达到最高,为99.9%,此时组织结构最均匀,连接最致密。结论当激光功率过低、扫描速度过大时,易形成未熔合的孔洞缺陷;扫描速度与扫描间距都会影响熔池宽度与深度,也会影响液相与粉末、沉积层与层之间的熔接,较大的内应力梯度甚至会导致裂痕等缺陷。

Abstract

The work aims to investigate the effects of laser power, scanning speed, and scanning spacing on the microstructure and properties of selective laser melting (SLM)-formed nickel-based superalloy Haynes 230. By combining different levels of the above three SLM forming parameters, 27 SLM process schemes were determined, and corresponding SLM forming experiments were conducted. The densification of each specimen was measured according to Archimedes' principle. A scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to observe the microstructure and defect types of the specimens. The formation mechanisms of defects were analyzed to investigate the variations in densification and defects with different process parameters, ultimately determining the optimal SLM process parameters for Haynes 230 alloy. The experimental results showed that when the laser power in the SLM process was 155 W, the scanning speed was 700 mm/s, and the scanning spacing was 90 μm, the densification of the alloy could reach the highest, which was 99.9%. At this time, the microstructure was the most uniform and the connection was the densest. In conclusion, when the laser power is too low and the scanning speed is too large, it is easy to form unfused hole defects. The scanning speed and scanning spacing will affect the width and depth of the molten pool, and will affect the welding between the liquid phase and the powder, the deposition layer and the layer, and the larger internal stress gradient will even lead to cracks, warping and other defects.

导出引用

韩金超, 张莹, 王长河, 黄鸶涵, 张子恒, 江金诚, 张倚. SLM参数对Haynes 230合金成形质量的影响[J]. 精密成形工程. 2026, 18(3): 146-155 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.03.016

HAN Jinchao, ZHANG Ying, WANG Changhe, HUANG Sihan, ZHANG Ziheng, JIANG Jincheng, ZHANG Yi. Effects of SLM Parameters on Forming Quality of Haynes 230 Alloy[J]. Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering. 2026, 18(3): 146-155 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.03.016

中图分类号： TG146.1

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