目的 探究耐蚀13Cr14Co3NiMoCuNb钢在高温环境下的力学性能与断裂行为,对其在高温环境下的服役可靠性进行评估。方法 通过在不同温度（26~500 ℃）下进行拉伸试验,并利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜（SEM）和电子背散射衍射（EBSD）等手段对断口形貌与微观组织进行系统分析。结果 随温度升高,13Cr14Co3NiMoCuNb氮化钢的抗拉强度与屈服强度逐渐下降,而延伸率保持相对稳定;断口呈现韧性断裂特征,随温度升高,韧窝数量减少但尺寸增大,观察发现,拉伸断口纵向侧面出现分层裂纹,分层裂纹的出现有助于缓解应力集中并延缓失效;观察断口侧面EBSD发现,晶粒严重变形,小角晶界含量较高,位错反应剧烈,表明材料具有良好的强韧性匹配。结论 13Cr14Co3NiMoCuNb钢在高温下表现出良好的强韧性匹配,其强度下降主要受热激活位错运动控制,分层裂纹与亚结构的形成有助于延缓失效,材料具备适用于中高温服役环境的潜力。
Abstract
The work aims to investigate the mechanical properties and fracture behavior of corrosion-resistant 13Cr14Co3NiMoCuNb steel at high temperatures to assess its high temperature service reliability. Tensile tests were conducted at various temperatures (ranging from 26-500 ℃) to systematically analyze the fracture morphology and microstructure by means of optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). As the temperature increased, the tensile strength and yield strength of the steel gradually decreased, while the elongation remained relatively stable. The fracture surfaces exhibited ductile characteristics, with a reduction in the number of dimples but an increase in their size at higher temperatures. Delamination cracks observed on the longitudinal side of the tensile fracture helped alleviate stress concentration and delay failure. EBSD analysis of the region adjacent to the fracture revealed severe grain deformation, a high fraction of low-angle grain boundaries, and intense dislocation activity, suggesting that the steel maintained a good strength-toughness balance at high temperatures. 13Cr14Co3NiMoCuNb steel exhibits a good strength-toughness balance at high temperatures. The decline in strength is primarily governed by thermally activated dislocation motion, while the formation of delamination cracks and substructures contributes to retarding failure. These findings demonstrate that corrosion-resistant 13Cr14Co3NiMoCuNb steel possesses promising potential for medium- to high-temperature service environments.
关键词
13Cr14Co3NiMoCuNb钢 /
高温服役环境 /
高温试验 /
拉伸性能 /
断口分析 /
分层断裂
Key words
13Cr14Co3NiMoCuNb steel /
high temperature service environment /
high temperature test /
tensile properties /
fracture analysis /
delamination fracture
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基金
黑龙江省“揭榜挂帅”科技攻关（2023ZXJ04A02）
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