锻造-电弧增材混合制造7系铝合金热处理后组织及性能

魏文逸

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.03.004

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精密成形工程 ›› 2026, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (3) : 36-45. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.03.004

轻合金成形

锻造-电弧增材混合制造7系铝合金热处理后组织及性能

魏文逸^*

作者信息 +

Microstructure and Properties of Forging-arc Additive Hybrid Manufactured 7xxx Series Aluminum Alloys after Heat Treatment

WEI Wenyi^*

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

目的为实现大型结构的快速制造,结合锻造和增材制造技术特点,提出锻造-电弧混合制造7系铝合金的方法,得到热处理对混合制造试样组织及性能的影响机理。方法采用TIG电弧增材工艺制备7系铝合金锻造-电弧增材混合制造试样,结合SEM和EBSD等多种材料表征手段,研究T6热处理制度对混合制造试样微观组织及性能的影响机理。结果试样结合区具有良好的冶金结合,缺陷满足射线I级要求。锻造区为细等轴组织,晶粒尺寸为15.20 μm;在热影响区内,晶粒组织呈现长大趋势,但仍以等轴晶为主,晶粒尺寸为23.40 μm;增材区为粗大等轴晶组织,晶粒尺寸为42.30 μm。经过T6热处理后,η相扩散至铝基体中,形成弥散分布的η'相。混合制造试样抗拉强度超过500 MPa,断后延伸率超过10%,增材区粗大的晶粒组织使其强度低于锻造基体强度,拉伸断裂均发生在增材区。结论基于锻造-增材混合制造的高强铝合金具有优良的显微组织及力学性能,为铝合金航空框梁等高强铝合金结构的快速制造提供了理论基础。

Abstract

To achieve rapid manufacturing of large-scale structures, leveraging the respective advantages of forging and additive manufacturing (AM), the work aims to propose a forging-wire arc hybrid manufacturing (FAHM) method for 7xxx series aluminum alloys and elucidate the effect mechanism of heat treatment on the microstructure and properties of hybrid manufactured specimens. TIG-wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) was employed to fabricate FAHM specimens of 7xxx series aluminum alloys. Through various material characterization techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), the effect mechanism of T6 heat treatment on the microstructure and properties of the hybrid specimens was investigated. The interface exhibited sound metallurgical bonding, with defects meeting the Class I requirements of radiographic inspection standards. The forging zone consisted of fine equiaxed grains and the grain size was 15.20 μm. Within the heat-affected zone (HAZ), grain coarsening was observed while equiaxed grains remained predominant and the grain size was 23.40 μm. The as-deposited WAAM zone featured coarse equiaxed grains and the grain size was 42.30 μm. Following T6 heat treatment, η-phase precipitates dissolved and diffused into the aluminum substrate, forming finely dispersed η' strengthening phases. The hybrid specimens demonstrated excellent mechanical properties, with tensile strength exceeding 500 MPa and elongation exceeding 10%. However, the strength of the WAAM zone, constrained by its coarse-grained structure, remained lower than that of the forged substrate. Consequently, tensile fracture consistently occurred within the WAAM. The FAHM approach for high-strength aluminum alloys yields superior microstructures and mechanical properties. This work provides a theoretical foundation for the rapid manufacturing of critical high-strength aluminum alloy structures, such as aircraft frame beams.

导出引用

魏文逸. 锻造-电弧增材混合制造7系铝合金热处理后组织及性能[J]. 精密成形工程. 2026, 18(3): 36-45 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.03.004

WEI Wenyi. Microstructure and Properties of Forging-arc Additive Hybrid Manufactured 7xxx Series Aluminum Alloys after Heat Treatment[J]. Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering. 2026, 18(3): 36-45 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.03.004

中图分类号： TG146

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