目的 研究ZL114A铝合金在不同应变率和温度下的静动态力学性能,采用准静态拉伸试验与动态霍普金森压杆试验相结合的方法,系统分析其流动应力行为,建立Johnson-Cook本构模型。方法 通过电子万能试验机进行准静态拉伸试验,获取准静态条件下该材料的应力-应变曲线。结合配有电磁加热装置的霍普金森压杆设备进行动态压缩试验,获取材料在不同温度、不同应变率条件下的应力-应变曲线,探究温度（20~420 ℃）与应变率（1 500~5 800 s-1）对材料力学性能的影响规律。通过最小二乘法拟合试验数据,建立了适用于高温高应变率条件下的J-C本构模型。结果 ZL114A铝合金在常温低应变率条件下表现出较弱的应变率敏感性;在高温条件下表现出较高的温度敏感性;材料的流动应力随应变的增加呈现显著增加的趋势,而温度升高会引发热软化效应,导致流动应力降低。基于最小二乘法拟合试验数据,建立的J-C本构模型能够有效耦合应变、应变率及温度效应,其预测结果与试验数据在一定误差范围内较为吻合。结论 建立的Johnson-Cook本构模型能有效预测材料在复杂工况下的力学响应,为航空、汽车和机械工程领域的结构设计和优化提供了理论依据。
Abstract
The work aims to study the static and dynamic mechanical properties of ZL114A aluminum alloy under different strain rates and temperature, and combine quasi-static tensile tests and dynamic Hopkinson bar tests to systematically analyze its flow stress behavior and establish a Johnson-Cook constitutive model. Quasi-static tensile tests were conducted with an electronic universal testing machine to obtain the stress-strain curve of the material under quasi-static conditions. Combined with a Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) equipped with an electromagnetic heating device, dynamic compression tests were conducted to obtain stress-strain curves of the material under different temperature and strain rates. The effects of temperature (20-420 ℃) and strain rate (1 500-5 800 s-1) on the mechanical properties of the material were investigated. Through the method of least squares fitting of the experimental data, a Johnson-Cook constitutive model applicable under high temperature and high strain rate conditions was established. The results indicated that the material exhibited relatively weak strain rate sensitivity under room temperature and low strain rate conditions; It showed higher temperature sensitivity under high-temperature conditions; The flow stress of the material significantly increased with strain, while an increase in temperature led to a thermal softening effect, resulting in a decrease in flow stress. The established J-C constitutive model, fitted using the least squares method, can effectively couple the effects of strain, strain rate, and temperature, and its predictions are generally consistent with the experimental data within a certain range of error. In conclusion, the established Johnson-Cook constitutive model can effectively predict the mechanical response of materials under complex working conditions, providing a theoretical basis for structural design and optimization in the fields of aerospace, automotive, and mechanical engineering.
关键词
ZL114A铝合金 /
静动态力学性能 /
霍普金森压杆试验 /
Johnson-Cook本构模型 /
最小二乘法
Key words
ZL114A aluminum alloy /
static and dynamic mechanical properties /
split hopkinson pressure bar tests /
Johnson-Cook constitutive model /
least squares method
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基金
国防基础科研项目（JCKY2023209C003）; 山东省自然科学基金面上项目（ZR2023ME153）
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