目的 针对第二代FeCrAl合金（C35MN）在核反应堆事故容错燃料包壳应用中的潜在需求,探索选区激光熔融（SLM）增材制造技术对该合金微观组织结构的调控机制,进而实现其力学性能的优化提升。方法 使用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、透射电镜和电子背散射衍射等设备,对不同参数（层厚、速度等）打印的FeCrAl合金的致密度、物相、晶粒形貌等进行表征和分析。结果 激光能量密度（VED）显著影响合金的致密度、晶粒形貌及织构,当能量密度较低（<1.6×102 J/mm3）时,成形材料择优取向较弱,晶粒倾向于在不同取向生长;过高的能量密度（如2.67×102 J/mm3）导致晶粒呈柱状结构,织构强度较大,致密度相对较低。结论 通过提高激光扫描速率,促进了位错的增殖和高密度纳米尺度颗粒的析出。当扫描速率为500 mm/s、能量密度为2×102 J/mm3时,合金的抗拉强度可达800 MPa,均匀延伸率为4%。经1 100 ℃热处理1 h后,合金残余应力下降,Laves析出相长大,维氏硬度较原始态合金下降86HV。
Abstract
Targeting the potential application requirements of the second-generation FeCrAl alloy (C35MN) in accident-tolerant fuel claddings for nuclear reactors, the work aims to investigate the effect of selective laser melting (SLM) additive manufacturing on the alloy's microstructure, thereby optimizing and enhancing its mechanical properties. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) were employed to characterize and analyze the density, phase and grain morphology of FeCrAl alloys fabricated under different parameters (e.g., layer thickness, scanning speed). The laser volumetric energy density (VED) had a significant impact on the alloy's density, grain morphology, and texture. At lower energy densities (e.g., VED<1.6×102 J/mm³), the fabricated materials exhibited weak preferred orientation, and grains tended to grow in various directions. However, excessively high energy density (e.g., 2.67×102 J/mm³) led to columnar grain structures with stronger texture and relatively lower density. Increasing the laser scanning speed promotes the multiplication of dislocations and the precipitation of high-density nanoscale particles. When the scanning speed is 500 mm/s and the energy density is 2×102 J/mm³, the alloy achieves a tensile strength of up to 800 MPa with a uniform elongation of 4%. The residual stress of the alloy decreases after annealing at 1 100 ℃ for 1 h. Although the Laves precipitation phase grows up, the Vickers hardness decreases by 86HV compared with the pristine alloy.
关键词
FeCrAl合金 /
选区激光熔融 /
微观组织 /
力学性能 /
能量密度
Key words
FeCrAl alloy /
selective laser melting (SLM) /
microstructure /
mechanical properties /
energy density
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