原始组织对NiTi/Ti6Al4V异种材料电磁脉冲焊接头界面形貌与力学性能的影响

邓嘉豪; 陈玉华; 谢吉林; 刘冠鹏; 王善林; 张体明

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.02.014

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精密成形工程 ›› 2026, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (2) : 145-154. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.02.014

先进连接技术

原始组织对NiTi/Ti6Al4V异种材料电磁脉冲焊接头界面形貌与力学性能的影响

邓嘉豪, 陈玉华^*, 谢吉林, 刘冠鹏, 王善林, 张体明

作者信息 +

Effect of Original Microstructure on Interface Morphology and Mechanical Properties of Electromagnetic Pulse Welded Joints of NiTi/Ti6Al4V Dissimilar Materials

DENG Jiahao, CHEN Yuhua^*, XIE Jilin, LIU Guanpeng, WANG Shanlin, ZHANG Timing

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文章历史 +

摘要

目的采用电磁脉冲焊接技术对NiTi/Ti6Al4V异种材料进行焊接,对比分析单相NiTi和双相NiTi与Ti6Al4V的焊接效果,研究焊接工艺参数对NiTi/Ti6Al4V电磁脉冲焊接接头界面形貌和力学性能的影响。方法采用扫描电镜、能谱仪、X射线衍射仪和常温拉伸试验等手段研究不同原始组织的NiTi/Ti6Al4V电磁脉冲焊接效果,并分析双相NiTi/Ti6Al4V焊接接头的界面结构、元素分布、力学性能和断口形貌。结果由于脆性IMCs和热膨胀差异,单相NiTi/Ti6Al4V发生界面失效;双相NiTi通过B19'→B2相变实现了热膨胀匹配,降低了应力,实现了冶金结合。双相NiTi/Ti6Al4V电磁脉冲焊接头界面波形以不规则的波形界面和剪切波界面为主,斜碰撞的碰撞速度切向分量在界面处引起了一系列的不稳定运动,界面剪切形成不规则的波状界面;在高速剪切作用下,界面失稳并逐渐演化为剪切波,焊接接头过渡层中的脆性金属间化合物恶化了接头的力学性能。双相NiTi/Ti6Al4V接头的力学性能达到母材力学性能的26.6%,接头断裂在界面,发生以韧性为主的韧-脆混合断裂。结论在单相NiTi/Ti6Al4V焊接过程中,发生了界面失效。剪切波提高了双相NiTi/Ti6Al4V接头的力学性能,过渡层中的脆性金属间化合物降低了接头的力学性能。

Abstract

The work aims to weld NiTi/Ti6Al4V dissimilar materials by electromagnetic pulse welding technology, compare and analyze welding effects of single-phase NiTi and dual-phase NiTi with Ti6Al4V and study effects of welding process parameters on the interface morphology and mechanical properties of NiTi/Ti6Al4V electromagnetic pulse welded joints. The electromagnetic pulse welding effect of NiTi/Ti6Al4V with different original microstructures was studied by means of scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometer, X-ray diffractometer and room temperature tensile test. The interface structure, element distribution, mechanical properties and fracture morphology of the dual-phase NiTi/Ti6Al4V welded joint were analyzed. The interface failure of single-phase NiTi/Ti6Al4V occurred due to the difference of brittle IMCs and thermal expansion. The dual-phase NiTi achieved thermal expansion matching through B19'→B2 phase transformation, reduced stress and achieved metallurgical bonding. The interface waveform of the dual-phase NiTi/Ti6Al4V electromagnetic pulse welded joint was dominated by irregular waveform interface and shear wave interface. The tangential component of the collision velocity of oblique collision caused a series of unstable motions at the interface, and the interface shears formed an irregular wavy interface. Under the action of high-speed shear, the interface was unstable and gradually evolved into shear wave, and the brittle intermetallic compound in the transition layer of the welded joint deteriorated the mechanical properties of the joint. The mechanical properties of the dual-phase NiTi/Ti6Al4V joint reached 26.6% of the mechanical properties of the base metal. The joint fractured at the interface, and the ductile-brittle mixed fracture dominated by toughness occurred in the joint. Interface failure occurs during single-phase NiTi/Ti6Al4V welding. Shear wave increases the mechanical properties of the dual-phase NiTi/Ti6Al4V joint, and the brittle intermetallic compounds in the transition layer reduce the mechanical properties of the joint.

导出引用

邓嘉豪, 陈玉华, 谢吉林, 刘冠鹏, 王善林, 张体明. 原始组织对NiTi/Ti6Al4V异种材料电磁脉冲焊接头界面形貌与力学性能的影响[J]. 精密成形工程. 2026, 18(2): 145-154 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.02.014

DENG Jiahao, CHEN Yuhua, XIE Jilin, LIU Guanpeng, WANG Shanlin, ZHANG Timing. Effect of Original Microstructure on Interface Morphology and Mechanical Properties of Electromagnetic Pulse Welded Joints of NiTi/Ti6Al4V Dissimilar Materials[J]. Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering. 2026, 18(2): 145-154 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.02.014

中图分类号： TG456.9

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