目的 解决钛合金与不锈钢焊接时形成Ti-Fe等脆性金属间化合物（Intermetallic Compounds,IMCs）的问题。方法 采用纯钒作为中间层材料,对5 mm厚TA17钛合金与321不锈钢异种材料进行双道激光焊接,焊后利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、万能试验机等对接头组织形貌和力学性能进行分析,揭示界面连接机理。结果 当激光功率为4.1 kW（钛侧）和3.6 kW（不锈钢侧）、焊接速度为20 mm/s、激光束向母材偏移0.5 mm时,未熔钒层可以有效阻隔Ti、Fe 2种元素,并与两侧熔合区形成良好的冶金结合。由于V元素的扩散作用,熔合区与钒层界面之间形成了宽度约30 μm的扩散层,WZ1扩散层组织以(βTi, V)固溶体为主,WZ2扩散层内部主要是γ-Fe和(Fe, V)铁基固溶体。钒层因受到2次焊接热循环作用,内部组织发生软化,平均硬度约为85.9HV,显著低于熔合区及母材硬度;此外,钒层内部析出的碳化钒（VC）颗粒成为裂纹源,共同导致接头在钒层内部断裂,抗拉强度最高为330.6 MPa。结论 以钒为中间层的钛/钢双道激光焊,通过抑制Ti-Fe脆性金属间化合物的生成,可显著改善钛/钢异种材料的焊接质量,为厚板钛-钢复合结构的工程应用提供了工艺优化方向及理论依据。
Abstract
The work aims to address the problem of the formation of brittle intermetallic compounds (IMCs) such as Ti-Fe during the welding of titanium alloy and stainless steel. Pure vanadium was used as the interlayer material for double-pass laser welding of 5 mm thick TA17 titanium alloy and 321 stainless steel dissimilar materials. After welding, metallographic microscope, scanning electron microscope, universal testing machine, etc. were used to analyze and characterize micro morphology and mechanical properties of the joints, and reveal the joining mechanism at the interface. When the laser power was 4.1 kW (titanium side) and 3.6 kW (stainless steel side), the welding speed was 20 mm/s, and the laser beam shifted to the base material by 0.5 mm, the unmelted vanadium layer could effectively block Ti and Fe elements, and formed a good metallurgical bonding with the fusion zones on both sides. Due to the diffusion of V element, a diffusion layer with a width of about 30 μm was generated between the fusion zone and the vanadium interlayer. The microstructure in the WZ1 diffusion layer was composed of (βTi, V) solid solution, while the WZ2 diffusion layer consisted of γ-Fe and (Fe, V) Fe-based solid solution. Meanwhile, the vanadium layer was softened by twice welding thermal cycles, and the average hardness was about 85.9HV, which was significantly lower than that of the fusion zone and the base material. In addition, the cracks initiated from the vanadium particles precipitated inside the vanadium layer, which resulted in the fracture of the joints into the vanadium layer. The maximum tensile strength was up to 330.6 MPa. The double-pass laser welding of titanium/steel with vanadium as the interlayer can significantly improve the quality of the joints by inhibiting the formation of brittle Ti-Fe intermetallic compounds, which provides the process optimization and theoretical basis for the engineering application of thick titanium-steel composite structures.
关键词
钛合金 /
不锈钢 /
双道激光焊接 /
钒中间层 /
金属间化合物
Key words
titanium alloy /
stainless steel /
double-pass laser welding /
vanadium interlayer /
intermetallic compound
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基金
国家重点研发计划（2023YFE0201400）; 江西省杰出青年基金（20224ACB214012）; 江西省自然科学基金重点项目（20252BAC250045）
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