激光粉末床熔融制备Y2O3增强Ti6Al4V合金的组织与力学性能研究

董阳平; 赵枢明; 朱金玉; 张会华; 赵文天; 马国楠; 庄辛鹏; 孙预麟; 杨鹏伟; 张群; 樊子煜; 钟亮; 杨广; 鲁仁义; 曹磊; 马志远; 王峰

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.02.003

PDF(14004 KB)

精密成形工程 ›› 2026, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (2) : 21-30. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.02.003

兵器工艺技术

激光粉末床熔融制备Y₂O₃增强Ti6Al4V合金的组织与力学性能研究

董阳平, 赵枢明^*, 朱金玉, 张会华, 赵文天, 马国楠, 庄辛鹏, 孙预麟, 杨鹏伟, 张群, 樊子煜, 钟亮, 杨广, 鲁仁义, 曹磊, 马志远, 王峰

作者信息 +

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Y₂O₃ Reinforced Ti6Al4V Alloy Prepared via Laser Powder Bed Fusion

DONG Yangping, ZHAO Shuming^*, ZHU Jinyu, ZHANG Huihua, ZHAO Wentian, MA Guonan, ZHUANG Xinpeng, SUN Yulin, YANG Pengwei, ZHANG Qun, FAN Ziyu, ZHONG Liang, YANG Guang, LU Renyi, CAO Lei, MA Zhiyuan, WANG Feng

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

目的针对Ti6Al4V合金在激光粉末床熔融（PBF-LB）过程中力学性能不足的问题,引入稀土氧化物Y₂O₃改善其性能。方法采用机械球磨法制备不同Y₂O₃含量的Ti6Al4V复合粉末,并通过PBF-LB技术成形合金件。利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射、电子背散射衍射和透射电镜等手段,系统分析了复合粉末及成形合金的微观结构、物相与元素分布;通过室温拉伸试验评估力学性能,并结合断口分析结果探究断裂机制。结果 Y₂O₃在球磨后均匀附着于Ti6Al4V粉末表面。在PBF-LB成形过程中,Y₂O₃的引入显著细化了原始β晶粒和α/α'马氏体尺寸,并以纳米尺度的形式弥散分布在基体中,与α-Ti基体呈半共格关系。当Y₂O₃的质量分数为0.2%时,合金抗拉强度和屈服强度分别提高至1 331 MPa和1 208 MPa;但当Y₂O₃的质量分数增至0.3%时塑性下降。断口形貌由韧性韧窝逐渐转变为以解理面为主的脆性断裂。结论添加0.2%（质量分数）Y₂O₃能够细化原始β晶粒与α/α'马氏体组织,并通过纳米级Y₂O₃颗粒实现弥散强化。然而,当Y₂O₃质量分数增加至0.3%时,稀土氧化物颗粒发生团聚,引起局部应力集中,导致材料塑性严重下降。该研究为稀土氧化物在增材制造钛合金中的定量化改性提供了理论与实验依据。

Abstract

Since the Ti6Al4V alloy exhibits insufficient mechanical properties during the laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB) process, the work aims to introduce the rare earth oxide Y₂O₃ to improve its properties. The Ti6Al4V composite powder with different Y₂O₃ contents was prepared by mechanical ball milling, and the alloy pieces were formed by PBF-LB technology. The microstructure, phase composition and element distribution of the composite powder and the formed alloy were systematically analyzed through scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, electron backscatter diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The mechanical properties were evaluated through room temperature tensile tests, and the fracture mechanism was investigated by fracture analysis. Y₂O₃ uniformly adhered to the surface of the Ti6Al4V powder after ball milling. During the PBF-LB forming process, the Y₂O₃ significantly refined the original β grains and the size of α/α' martensite, and dispersed in the matrix in a nanoscale form, forming a semi-continuous relationship with the α-Ti matrix. When the mass fraction of Y₂O₃ was 0.2%, the tensile strength and yield strength of the alloy increased to 1 331 MPa and 1 208 MPa respectively. However, when the mass fraction of Y₂O₃ increased to 0.3%, the plasticity decreased. The fracture morphology changed from a ductile crack pit to a brittle fracture dominated by cleavage planes. Adding 0.2% Y₂O₃ can refine the original β grains and α/α' martensite structure, and achieve dispersion strengthening through nano-scale Y₂O₃ particles. However, when the Y₂O₃ content increases to 0.3%, the rare earth oxide particles agglomerate, causing local stress concentration, resulting in a significant decrease in material plasticity. This study provides theoretical and experimental basis for the quantitative modification of rare earth oxides in additive manufacturing titanium alloys.

导出引用

董阳平, 赵枢明, 朱金玉, 张会华, 赵文天, 马国楠, 庄辛鹏, 孙预麟, 杨鹏伟, 张群, 樊子煜, 钟亮, 杨广, 鲁仁义, 曹磊, 马志远, 王峰. 激光粉末床熔融制备Y₂O₃增强Ti6Al4V合金的组织与力学性能研究[J]. 精密成形工程. 2026, 18(2): 21-30 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.02.003

DONG Yangping, ZHAO Shuming, ZHU Jinyu, ZHANG Huihua, ZHAO Wentian, MA Guonan, ZHUANG Xinpeng, SUN Yulin, YANG Pengwei, ZHANG Qun, FAN Ziyu, ZHONG Liang, YANG Guang, LU Renyi, CAO Lei, MA Zhiyuan, WANG Feng. Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Y₂O₃ Reinforced Ti6Al4V Alloy Prepared via Laser Powder Bed Fusion[J]. Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering. 2026, 18(2): 21-30 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.02.003

中图分类号： TG146.2

参考文献

[1] KUMAR A, SINGH G.Surface Modification of Ti6Al4V Alloy via Advanced Coatings: Mechanical, Tribological, Corrosion, Wetting, and Biocompatibility Studies[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2024, 989: 174418.
[2] WEI G J, TAN M Y, ATTARILAR S, et al.An Overview of Surface Modification, a Way Toward Fabrication of Nascent Biomedical Ti-6Al-4V Alloys[J]. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 2023, 24: 5896-5921.
[3] OKUNIEWSKI W, WALCZAK M, SZALA M.Effects of Shot Peening and Electropolishing Treatment on the Properties of Additively and Conventionally Manufactured Ti6Al4V Alloy: A Review[J]. Materials, 2024, 17(4): 934.
[4] 郭琛骏, 孙逸翔, 裴夤崟, 等. Zr和Cu元素对钎焊TC4蜂窝微观组织与力学性能的影响[J]. 精密成形工程, 2025, 17(6): 26-35.
GUO C J, SUN Y X, PEI Y Y, et al.Effect of Zr and Cu Elements on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Brazed TC4 Honeycombs[J]. Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering, 2025, 17(6): 26-35.
[5] DONG Y P, LI Y L, ZHOU S Y, et al.Cost-Affordable Ti-6Al-4V for Additive Manufacturing: Powder Modification, Compositional Modulation and Laser In-Situ Alloying[J]. Additive Manufacturing, 2021, 37: 101699.
[6] DONG Y P, ZHOU C T, WANG D W, et al.Achieving 1.5 GPa Superstrong Ti-6Al-4V Using Cold Plastic Deformed Powder Feedstock and Laser Additive Manufacturing[J]. Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 2025, 233: 144-153.
[7] LYU J M, LUO K Y, LU H F, et al.Achieving High Strength and Ductility in Selective Laser Melting Ti-6Al-4V Alloy by Laser Shock Peening[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2022, 899: 163335.
[8] GARDNER L.Metal Additive Manufacturing in Structural Engineering-Review, Advances, Opportunities and Outlook[J]. Structures, 2023, 47: 2178-2193.
[9] RAHMAN M, ISLAM K S, DIP T M, et al.A Review on Nanomaterial-Based Additive Manufacturing: Dynamics in Properties, Prospects, and Challenges[J]. Progress in Additive Manufacturing, 2024, 9(4): 1197-1224.
[10] RIIPINEN T, PIPPURI-MÄKELÄINEN J, QUE Z Q, et al. The Effect of Heat Treatment on Structure and Magnetic Properties of Additively Manufactured Fe-Co-V Alloys[J]. Materials Today Communications, 2023, 36: 106437.
[11] 齐士杰, 熊林, 陈明远, 等. 激光粉末床熔融TC4钛合金熔道形貌及气孔形成机理研究[J]. 中国激光, 2023, 50(12): 236-244.
QI S J, XIONG L, CHEN M Y, et al.TC4 Titanium Alloy Track Morphology and Pore Formation Mechanism in Laser Powder Bed Fusion Process[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2023, 50(12): 236-244.
[12] 唐旭, 张昊, 薛鹏, 等. 铸态及激光粉末床熔融AlCo- CrFeNi_2.1共晶高熵合金的微观组织及力学性能[J]. 金属学报, 2024, 60(11): 1461-1470.
TANG X, ZHANG H, XUE P, et al.Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of As-Cast and Laser Powder Bed Fused AlCoCrFeNi_2.1 Eutectic High-Entropy Alloy[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica, 2024, 60(11): 1461-1470.
[13] VUKKUM V B, GUPTA R K.Review on Corrosion Performance of Laser Powder-Bed Fusion Printed 316L Stainless Steel: Effect of Processing Parameters, Manufacturing Defects, Post-Processing, Feedstock, and Microstructure[J]. Materials & Design, 2022, 221: 110874.
[14] WANG C B, GUO W H, JI Q Y, et al.Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of FeCoNiCrTix High Entropy Alloys by Selective Laser Melting[J]. Intermetallics, 2025, 180: 108683.
[15] 程东海, 张夫庭, 刘士伟, 等. 稀土Yb₂O₃对TC4钛合金激光焊接头超塑变形行为的影响[J]. 稀有金属材料与工程, 2023, 52(12): 4361-4366.
CHENG D H, ZHANG F T, LIU S W, et al.Effect of Rare Earth Yb₂O₃ on Superplastic Deformation Behavior of Laser Welded TC4 Titanium Alloy[J]. Rare Metal Materials and Engineering, 2023, 52(12): 4361-4366.
[16] 程东海, 张声金, 陶玄宇, 等. 添加稀土元素的TC4钛合金激光焊接头纵向超塑性能研究[J]. 焊接学报, 2024, 45(7): 19-26.
CHENG D H, ZHANG S J, TAO X Y, et al.Study on the Longitudinal Superplastic Properties of TC4 Titanium Alloy Laser Welded Joint with Rare Earth Elements[J]. Transactions of the China Welding Institution, 2024, 45(7): 19-26.
[17] KENNEDY J R, DAVIS A E, CABALLERO A E, et al.β Grain Refinement by Yttrium Addition in Ti-6Al-4V Wire-Arc Additive Manufacturing[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2022, 895: 162735.
[18] TIAN J, ZHANG D D, CHEN Y Y, et al.Effect of Nano Y₂O₃ Addition on Microstructure and Room Temperature Tensile Properties of Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb Alloy[J]. Vacuum, 2019, 170: 108779.
[19] HAN W, MIN J, DAI G Q, et al.Effect of Y₂O₃ Addition on Microstructure and Properties of Ti6Al4V by Laser Melting Deposition[J]. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2023, 886: 145694.
[20] FACCHINI L, MAGALINI E, ROBOTTI P, et al.Ductility of a Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Produced by Selective Laser Melting of Prealloyed Powders[J]. Rapid Prototyping Journal, 2010, 16(6): 450-459.
[21] DONG Y P, TANG J C, WANG D W, et al.Additive Manufacturing of Pure Ti with Superior Mechanical Performance, Low Cost, and Biocompatibility for Potential Replacement of Ti-6Al-4V[J]. Materials & Design, 2020, 196: 109142.
[22] YANG J J, YU H C, YIN J, et al.Formation and Control of Martensite in Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Produced by Selective Laser Melting[J]. Materials & Design, 2016, 108: 308-318.
[23] SIMONELLI M, TSE Y Y, TUCK C.On the Texture Formation of Selective Laser Melted Ti-6Al-4V[J]. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 2014, 45(6): 2863-2872.
[24] BELADI H, CHAO Q, ROHRER G S.Variant Selection and Intervariant Crystallographic Planes Distribution in Martensite in a Ti-6Al-4V Alloy[J]. Acta Materialia, 2014, 80: 478-489.
[25] ZHANG T G, XIAO H Q, ZHANG Z Q, et al.Effect of Y₂O₃ Addition on Microstructural Characteristics and Microhardness of Laser-Cladded Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Coating[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 2020, 29(12): 8221-8235.
[26] LI Z H, ZHANG Y, YIN B, et al.Effect of CeO₂ Addition on Microstructure, Hardness, and Tensile Properties of Selected Laser-Melted TC4 Alloys[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 2025, 34(1): 556-565.