Q235钢激光成形工艺及焊缝质量研究

刘品潇; 刘昊男; 刘振阳; 闫基森; 王明辉; 解芳; XIJINHUA

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.01.014

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精密成形工程 ›› 2026, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (1) : 149-159. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.01.014

先进连接技术

Q235钢激光成形工艺及焊缝质量研究

刘品潇^1,2, 刘昊男¹, 刘振阳^1,3, 闫基森^1,*, 王明辉¹, 解芳¹, XIJIN HUA⁴

作者信息 +

Laser Forming Process and Weld Quality of Q235 Steel

LIU Pinxiao^1,2, LIU Haonan¹, LIU Zhenyang^1,3, YAN Jisen^1,*, WANG Minghui¹, XIE Fang¹, XIJIN HUA⁴

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

目的探究不同激光功率对Q235钢成形特性的影响规律。方法在固定激光焊接时焊接速度和离焦量不变的条件下,分别采用600、750、900、1 050、1 200、1 350 W 6种不同的激光功率对2.4 mm厚的Q235钢薄片进行了焊接,并分析了不同激光功率下焊接接头的微观组织、力学性能和耐腐蚀能力。结果在900~ 1 350 W激光功率下,Q235钢的焊缝成形良好。焊缝区域存在部分板条马氏体,其硬度和抗拉强度都高于母材区域的。在激光功率1 350 W下,焊接接头的抗拉强度最高,为382 MPa,其次为激光功率1 200 W下的焊接接头,其抗拉强度为380 MPa,但此时的显微硬度最高,为275.66HV。使用1 200 W激光功率焊接时得到的焊接接头耐腐蚀性能最好,其自腐蚀电流密度为5.19×10^-6 A/cm²,容抗弧半径也最大;拉伸断面端口主要由均匀分布的等轴韧窝组成。结论当激光功率为1 200 W、焊接速度为500 mm/min、离焦量为-5 mm时,焊接接头综合性能较为优异。

Abstract

The work aims to investigate the effects of different laser powers on the forming properties of Q235 steel. Under constant welding speed and defocus distance in laser welding, experiments were conducted on 2.4 mm thick Q235 steel sheets at six different laser powers of 600, 750, 900, 1 050, 1 200, and 1 350 W. The microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the welded joints obtained at different laser powers were analyzed. The welded joints of Q235 steel obtained by laser welding under 900-1 350 W power were well formed. There was some slat martensite in the weld region, making its hardness and tensile strength higher than those of the base metal region. The tensile strength of the welded joints obtained at 1 350 W laser power was the highest, 382 MPa, followed by the welded joints obtained at 1 200 W laser power, which was 380 MPa. The microhardness of the welded joints obtained at 1 200 W laser power was the highest, 275.66HV. The welded joints obtained at 1 200 W laser power had the best corrosion resistance, with a self-corrosion current density of 5.19×10^-6 A/cm² and the largest arc resistance radius. The tensile section ports were mainly composed of uniformly distributed equiaxial ligament fossae. Under a laser power of 1 200 W, a welding speed of 500 mm/min, and a defocusing amount of -5 mm, the overall performance of the welded joints is excellent.

导出引用

刘品潇, 刘昊男, 刘振阳, 闫基森, 王明辉, 解芳, XIJINHUA. Q235钢激光成形工艺及焊缝质量研究[J]. 精密成形工程. 2026, 18(1): 149-159 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.01.014

LIU Pinxiao, LIU Haonan, LIU Zhenyang, YAN Jisen, WANG Minghui, XIE Fang, XIJIN HUA. Laser Forming Process and Weld Quality of Q235 Steel[J]. Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering. 2026, 18(1): 149-159 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.01.014

中图分类号： TG142.1

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基金

国家自然科学基金（52201044）; 河南省自然科学基金（252300421563）; 河南省高等学校重点科研项目（25B450001）; 南阳市基础与前沿研究项目（24JCQY023）; 南阳市协同创新重大专项（22XTCX12003）; 河南省科技攻关项目（172102210415）; 河南省产学研合作计划项目（182107000037)