目的 通过控制激光功率和送丝速度对6061/3003异种铝合金激光焊接进行工艺优化,提高接头综合性能,并探究工艺参数对接头组织性能的影响机制。方法 围绕填丝式6061/3003异种铝合金激光焊接过程,在焊接时改变激光功率和送丝速度的大小,通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、能谱分析（EDS）、体视显微镜等表征方法对焊接头的显微组织进行观察与分析,结合万能试验拉伸机、显微硬度仪和电化学工作站进行力学拉伸试验、硬度和耐腐蚀性能测试,探讨了激光工艺参数对焊接头显微组织和性能的影响规律,揭示了工艺参数的变化对焊缝组织及其性能的影响。结果 当激光功率较低时,焊接头由于热输入不足而导致强化相偏析（0.5~1.2 μm）,当激光功率逐渐增加到1 800 W时,优化热输入后,针状b-Mg2-Si相均匀分布（体积分数提升至18%）,当激光功率过高（大于2 000 W）时,引发晶粒粗化及氧化物夹杂,接头性能降低。结论 焊接头的力学性能和耐腐蚀性能随着激光功率与送丝速度的增加先升高后降低,当激光功率为1 800 W、送丝速度为20 mm/s时,接头性能最佳,抗拉强度、显微硬度和延伸率分别达到146.83 MPa、76.5HV、7.36%;研究结果丰富了6061/3003异种铝合金填丝激光焊接理论,可为6061/3003异种铝合金实际焊接生产提供一定的数据支撑。
Abstract
The work aims to optimize the laser welding process of 6061/3003 dissimilar aluminum alloys by controlling laser power and wire feeding speed, to improve the comprehensive performance of the joint and investigate the effect mechanism of process parameters on the microstructure and properties of the joint. Focusing on the laser welding process of 6061/3003 dissimilar aluminum alloys with wire filling, the parameters of laser power and wire feeding speed were changed during welding. The microstructure of the welded joint was observed and analyzed through characterization methods such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and volumetric microscopy. The mechanical tensile tests, hardness and corrosion resistance performance tests were carried out with the universal test tensile machine, microhardness tester and electrochemical workstation to explore the effect law of laser process parameters on the microstructure and properties of the welded joint and reveal the effect of variations in process parameters on the weld microstructure and properties. As a result, when the laser power was low, the strengthened phase segregation occurred in the welded joint due to insufficient heat input (0.5-1.2 μm). When the power gradually increased to 1 800 W, the optimized heat input made the needle-like Mg2-Si phase uniformly distributed (by volume fraction increased to 18%). When the power was high (greater than 2 000 W), grain coarsening and oxide inclusions occurred, leading to decreased joint properties. The mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the welded joint increase first and then decrease with the increase of laser power and wire feeding speed. When the laser power is 1 800 W and the wire feeding speed is 20 mm/s, the joint property is the best, and the tensile strength, microhardness and elongation reach 146.83 MPa, 76.5HV and 7.36% respectively. The research results enrich the theory of laser wire filling welding of 6061/3003 dissimilar aluminum alloys and can provide certain data support for the actual welding production of 6061/3003 dissimilar aluminum alloys.
关键词
异种铝合金 /
激光填丝焊接 /
微观组织 /
力学性能 /
腐蚀性能
Key words
dissimilar aluminum /
laser wire filling welding /
microstructure /
mechanical properties /
corrosion resistance
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