目的 研究工艺参数对304不锈钢薄壁结构成形质量和性能的影响,为相关材料的电弧增材制造工艺优化提供参考。方法 采用正交实验方法分析工艺参数对单道单层焊道成形质量的影响规律,并结合响应面法研究薄壁结构表面波纹度和平整度与工艺参数之间的规律变化。同时,通过硬度测量和抗拉强度测试,综合分析工艺参数对304不锈钢成形件性能的影响。结果 焊接电流的增加会促进宽高比的增大,同时也会使稀释率增大。响应面分析结果表明,表面波纹度与焊接电流成正比,与焊接速度成反比,随着CTWD的增加先增大后减小。平整度随着焊接电流、焊接速度和CTWD的增大出现先增大后减小的变化趋势,硬度与焊接电流呈现正相关。结论 最优工艺参数组合如下：焊接电流为91 A,焊接速度为28 cm/min,CTWD为4.5 mm。优化后表面波纹度、平整度、硬度和拉伸强度的误差分别为1.61%、4.14%、4.55%和2.14%。
Abstract
The work aims to investigate the effects of process parameters on the forming quality and properties of thin-walled structures made of 304 stainless steel and to provide references for the optimization of wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) processes for related materials. To achieve this, the orthogonal experiment method was employed to analyze the influence of process parameters on the forming quality of single-pass single-layer welds, while the response surface methodology was used to establish mathematical models between surface waviness and parallelism of thin-walled structures and process parameters. Additionally, hardness measurements and tensile strength tests were conducted to comprehensively analyze the effects of process parameters on the properties of 304 stainless steel components. The results showed that an increase in welding current promoted an increase in the width-to-height ratio and the dilution rate. Response surface analysis revealed that surface waviness was directly proportional to welding current and inversely proportional to welding speed, and it first increased and then decreased with the increase in CTWD. Parallelism showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase in welding current, welding speed, and CTWD. The optimal combination of process parameters is found to be a welding current of 91 A, welding speed of 28 cm/min, and CTWD of 4.5 mm. After optimization, the relative errors of surface waviness, parallelism, hardness, and tensile strength were 1.61%, 4.14%, 4.55%, and 2.14%, respectively. The research results provide a theoretical basis for the process optimization of WAAM for related materials.
关键词
电弧增材制造 /
薄壁结构 /
304不锈钢 /
成形尺寸 /
力学性能
Key words
wire and arc additive manufacturing /
thin-walled structures /
304 stainless steel /
forming dimensions /
mechanical properties
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基金
福建省高校产学合作项目（2023N5015）; 福建省促进海洋与渔业产业高质量发展专项资金项目（FJHYF-ZH-2023-08）
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