MIG电弧增材制造2Cr13不锈钢薄壁构件组织及性能研究

朱强; 闫耀晶; 韩柯; 练洪斌; 陈马源; 马建国

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.01.009

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精密成形工程 ›› 2026, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (1) : 87-95. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.01.009

增材制造

MIG电弧增材制造2Cr13不锈钢薄壁构件组织及性能研究

朱强^1a, 闫耀晶^1a, 韩柯^1a,*, 练洪斌^1a, 陈马源^1b, 马建国^2,3,4

作者信息 +

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Thin-walled Components of 2Cr13 Stainless Steel Fabricated by MIG Arc Additive Manufacturing

ZHU Qiang^1a, YAN Yaojing^1a, HAN Ke^1a,*, LIAN Hongbin^1a, CHEN Mayuan^1b, MA Jianguo^2,3,4

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摘要

目的研究电弧增材制造过程中热输入对薄壁构件成形质量、微观组织以及力学性能的影响。方法采用MIG电弧熔丝增材制造技术（WAAM）制备了3组不同热输入下的2Cr13薄壁构件,对沉积样品的成形质量、微观组织、硬度和拉伸性能进行了研究。结果 MIG电弧增材制造技术制备的薄壁构件成形质量良好,当热输入为379 J/mm时,试样的成形效率可达90.85%。由于沉积时不同区域散热条件的差异,以及连续沉积造成的热累积,试样微观组织沿高度方向发生显著变化。在初始沉积阶段,由于热累积程度较低,显微组织以回火板条马氏体为主;随着沉积高度的增加,前期多道次沉积所产生的热累积变相增大了后续沉积的热输入,促使晶粒逐渐转变为沿沉积方向生长的粗大柱状晶,且其内部析出密集分布的细针状马氏体。微观组织的不均匀性进一步导致了构件性能的不均匀性,各构件硬度及横向试样抗拉强度均沿沉积方向升高,塑性沿沉积方向降低。结论高热输入不仅会降低构件的成形质量,还会加剧热累积效应,导致粗大柱状晶生成范围扩大,从而削弱其通过提高沉积尺寸以提升增材制造效率的潜在优势。因此,在工艺参数选择中应尽量采用较低热输入,以避免过度热累积对组织和性能产生不利影响。

Abstract

The work aims to investigate the effects of heat input on forming quality, microstructure, and mechanical properties of thin-walled components during arc wire additive manufacturing. Three groups of 2Cr13 thin-walled components were fabricated with MIG arc wire additive manufacturing (WAAM) technology under different heat inputs and the forming quality, microstructure, hardness, and tensile properties of the deposited samples were investigated. The thin-walled components fabricated based on MIG arc additive manufacturing technology exhibited good forming quality. When the heat input was 379 J/mm, the forming efficiency of the sample reached 90.85%. Significant microstructural variations along the height direction were observed due to differential heat dissipation and thermal accumulation during continuous deposition. In initial deposition stages with limited thermal accumulation, the microstructure primarily consisted of tempered lath martensite. As deposition height increased, intensified thermal accumulation promoted grain evolution into coarse columnar crystals growing along the deposition direction, containing dense fine needle-like martensite. This microstructural heterogeneity induced gradient mechanical properties: hardness and transverse tensile strength increased along the deposition direction while plasticity decreased correspondingly. The study demonstrates that higher heat input not only reduces forming quality but also exacerbates thermal accumulation, expanding coarse columnar crystal regions and diminishing the advantages of improved deposition efficiency. Therefore, lower heat input parameters should be prioritized to effectively control thermal accumulation and optimize component microstructure and performance.

导出引用

朱强, 闫耀晶, 韩柯, 练洪斌, 陈马源, 马建国. MIG电弧增材制造2Cr13不锈钢薄壁构件组织及性能研究[J]. 精密成形工程. 2026, 18(1): 87-95 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.01.009

ZHU Qiang, YAN Yaojing, HAN Ke, LIAN Hongbin, CHEN Mayuan, MA Jianguo. Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Thin-walled Components of 2Cr13 Stainless Steel Fabricated by MIG Arc Additive Manufacturing[J]. Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering. 2026, 18(1): 87-95 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2026.01.009

中图分类号： TG444+.72

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