目的 阐明选区激光熔化（SLM）成形Inconel 625合金在高温短时退火过程中的微观组织演变及再结晶机制,并探究其与力学性能的关联,为增材制造镍基高温合金的工程应用提供理论依据。方法 将SLM成形产生的高残余应力用作Inconel 625合金界面调控的存储活化能,借助光镜（OM）、电子背散射衍射（EBSD）等表征手段,研究了高温（1 000~1 200 ℃）短时退火对试样组织形貌、晶界特征、再结晶行为及力学性能的影响规律。结果 SLM成形中的快速冷却过程使试样形成了独特的多尺度微观结构,初始试样表面呈现棋盘状熔道分布,这与SLM成形时层间旋转67°的扫描方式有关。随着退火温度的升高,试样表面的熔道形貌逐渐消失,晶粒尺寸逐渐增大,位错密度逐渐降低。当退火温度达到1 150 ℃时,试样开始发生明显的静态再结晶;1 200 ℃退火后,再结晶基本完成,合金的内应力分布最均匀。其中,再结晶过程以非连续静态再结晶形核为主、以连续静态再结晶形核为辅。结论 高温退火通过热激活释放合金的储存能,有效推动再结晶进程和退火孪晶的形成。随着退火温度的升高,合金的强度和硬度逐渐降低,而延伸率则显著提升。
Abstract
The work aims to clarify the microstructure evolution and recrystallization mechanism of Inconel 625 alloy fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM) during high-temperature short-term annealing, and to explore their relationship with mechanical properties, thereby providing a theoretical basis for the engineering application of additively manufactured nickel-based superalloys. The high residual stress generated during SLM processing was used as the stored activation energy of Inconel 625 alloy interface control. The effects of high-temperature short-term annealing (1 000-1 200 ℃) on the microstructure, grain boundary characteristics, recrystallization behavior, and mechanical properties of the samples were studied by means of optical microscopy (OM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and other characterization methods. The results showed that the rapid cooling process in SLM processing made the sample form a unique multi-scale microstructure, and the initial surface of the sample presented a chessboard-shaped molten pool distribution, which was related to the scanning strategy with 67° inter-layer rotation during SLM processing. As the annealing temperature increased, the molten pool morphology gradually disappeared, accompanied by grain coarsening and a reduction in dislocation density. When the annealing temperature reached 1 150 ℃, the samples initiated significant static recrystallization. Following annealing at 1 200 ℃, recrystallization was nearly complete, yielding the most homogeneous internal stress distribution within the alloy. The recrystallization process was dominated by discontinuous static recrystallization nucleation, supplemented by continuous static recrystallization nucleation. In summary, high-temperature annealing releases the stored energy of the alloy through thermal activation, which effectively promotes the recrystallization process and the formation of annealing twins. With the increase of annealing temperature, the strength and hardness of the alloy gradually decrease, while the elongation increases significantly.
关键词
Inconel 625合金 /
选区激光熔化 /
高温短时退火 /
界面调控 /
力学性能
Key words
Inconel 625 alloy /
selective laser melting /
high-temperature short-term annealing /
interface control /
mechanical properties
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基金
国家自然科学基金（52265049）; 甘肃省联合科研基金项目（24JRRA833）; 甘肃省重点研发计划-工业类项目（23YFGA0054）; 甘肃省高等学校产业支撑计划项目（2022CYZC-26）; 甘肃省2024年省级人才项目（2024QNTD44）; 兰州理工大学红柳杰出青年支持计划（HLJQ2402）; 甘肃省自然科学基金（23JRRA922）
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