目的 采用超声振动辅助激光熔覆技术,系统研究超声功率比对熔覆IMI834高温钛合金显微组织演化、硬度及摩擦磨损性能的影响规律。方法 采用金相显微镜观察显微组织变化,利用激光共聚焦显微镜观察磨损后的3D轮廓。结果 超声振动显著改变了熔池凝固行为与组织形貌,促进了晶粒等轴化与细化,使其分布更加均匀,组织致密性与界面连续性得到明显改善。随着超声振动功率比的增大,显微硬度整体有所提高,且呈先升高后降低的变化趋势。在超声功率比为8%的条件下,平均显微硬度最高。此外,摩擦磨损性能也随着超声振动的施加有所改善。当超声功率比为8%时,摩擦系数及磨损量最低,分别为0.45和0.008 1 g。结论 超声振动能有效改善激光熔覆IMI834的硬度和摩擦磨损性能,但低功率改善有限,当超声功率比为8%时,硬度和摩擦磨损性能最优,而过高功率则因组织失稳而导致性能下降。在超声辅助激光熔覆过程中合理选择功率窗口对获得最佳耐磨性能具有关键意义。
Abstract
The work aims to systematically investigate the effects of ultrasonic power ratios on microstructural evolution, hardness, and tribological performance of IMI834 high-temperature titanium alloy by ultrasonic vibration-assisted laser cladding. Microstructural changes were observed with metallographic microscopes, while 3D surface profiles were analyzed through laser confocal microscopy. Ultrasonic vibration significantly modified the melt pool solidification behavior and microstructure morphology, promoting grain equiaxed growth and refinement with more uniform distribution. The microstructure density and interfacial continuity were notably improved. As the ultrasonic power ratio increased, the microhardness showed an initial rise followed by a decline. At an 8% ultrasonic power ratio, the highest average microhardness was achieved. Additionally, the tribological performance improved with increased vibration intensity. At an 8% ultrasonic power ratio, both the friction coefficient and the wear loss were the lowest, which were 0.45 and 0.008 1 g respectively. In conclusion, ultrasonic vibration effectively enhances the hardness and tribological performance of IMI834 laser cladding. Low power ratios are insufficient to improve wear resistance, while an 8% ultrasonic power ratio delivers optimal performance. Excessive power causes microstructural instability leading to performance degradation. Proper selection of the power window during ultrasonic-assisted laser cladding is crucial for achieving optimal wear resistance.
关键词
激光熔覆 /
超声振动 /
IMI834钛合金 /
显微组织 /
摩擦磨损
Key words
laser cladding /
ultrasonic vibration /
IMI834 titanium alloy /
microstructure /
friction wear
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基金
人工智能促进科研范式改革、赋能学科跃升计划项目; 上海市自然科学基金（25ZR1401150）; 徐州市科技成果转化计划项目（KC23370）
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