目的 针对船体复杂曲面外板在传统水火弯板工艺中成型困难、存在多次火工矫正现象等问题,以典型的船用双曲鞍形板为研究对象,提出一种一次水火加热成型的新工艺方案,旨在通过控制成型过程中的横向变形,以减免后续火工矫正工作,提升水火弯板成型效率与形状精度。方法 建立水火弯板工艺变形预测的仿真分析模型,并通过实验验证模型的准确性;在此基础上,分析不同工艺路径方案对结构横向变形控制效果的影响,重点对比所提出的交叉火焰路径与传统路径的差异。结果 所建立的仿真模型能够有效预测水火弯板工艺中的变形行为。在相同翘曲变形条件下,提出的交叉火焰路径方案中的横向变形量显著降低,仅为传统工艺方案的23.5%;实验验证结果进一步表明,该路径能够有效抑制横向变形,证实了“非调整、一次成型”工艺方案的可行性。结论 交叉火焰路径在一次加热成型过程中能够有效控制双曲鞍形板的横向变形,实现高效、高精度的水火弯板成型,为船体外板复杂曲面加工提供了新工艺方向。
Abstract
To address the challenges of forming complex curved hull plates in the conventional line heating process, such as difficulties in shaping and the need for multiple corrective heat treatments, the work aims to take a typical shipbuilding saddle plate as the object and propose a novel single-pass heating technique targeted at controlling transverse deformation during forming, to eliminate subsequent corrective work, thereby enhancing both the efficiency and dimensional accuracy of the line heating process. A simulation model for predicting deformation in the line heating process was developed and validated through experiments. With this verified model, the effects of different process path strategies on controlling transverse deformation were analyzed, with a particular emphasis on comparing the proposed cross-heating path against conventional paths. The established simulation model accurately predicted deformation behavior. Under equivalent out-of-plane deformation conditions, the proposed cross-heating path significantly reduced transverse deformation, achieving only 23.5% of that observed with the conventional method. Experimental results further confirmed the path’s efficacy in suppressing transverse deformation, validating the feasibility of the “one-step forming without correction” strategy. The cross-heating path effectively controls transverse deformation during a single heating cycle, enabling efficient and precise forming of double-curved saddle plates. This approach offers a new technical direction for fabricating complex curved hull plates.
关键词
船用鞍形板 /
水火弯板工艺 /
多加热线设计 /
有限元仿真 /
变形控制
Key words
shipbuilding saddle plate /
line heating forming process /
multi-path heating design /
finite element simulation /
deformation control
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基金
国防基础科研计划（JCKY2022602C008）
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