目的 系统阐明冷轧预变形量、均质化退火及中间退火三大关键工艺对8011铝合金铸轧坯料显微组织与力学性能的多维度调控机制,从而解决因组织不均而导致的铝箔断带、针孔等生产问题,为高精度铝箔的生产工艺路线提供坚实的理论指导。方法 以含Al9Fe2Si2第二相、表层3~5 μm细晶/心部10~15 μm粗晶梯度组织的铸轧坯料为对象,首先通过75%（轧制总变形量）冷轧预变形引入3.58 μm超细晶粒并强化β取向线Brass{011}<211>与S{123}<634>织构,使再结晶活化能降至14.97 kJ/mol;继而在530 ℃×3 h条件下进行均质化退火,促使第二相均匀弥散、晶粒长大至37.28 μm并削弱立方织构强度至5.4;最后在0.24 mm厚度阶段进行400 ℃×1 h中间退火,使析出相含量（体积分数）升至峰值4.28%、晶粒尺寸统一至18.16 μm并显著降低平面各向异性Δr至0.023 4。在上述工艺链的协同作用下,材料强塑性实现同步跃升,抗拉强度UTS达108.2 MPa,延伸率EI达40.55%;杯突值提高至9.38 mm,Δr降至0.023 4,表明塑性成形能力与厚度均匀性得到显著改善;显微组织由梯度不均转变为均匀弥散、晶粒细化且织构受控的优化状态,从根本上抑制铝箔断带与针孔缺陷。75%冷轧预变形+530 ℃/3 h均质化退火+400 ℃/1 h中间退火的综合优化工艺,不仅改善了铸轧坯料组织不均所导致的铝箔质量问题,而且提升了铝箔产品整体性能与质量稳定性,为高精度铝箔生产提供了理论依据与工艺指导。
Abstract
The work aims to study systematically elucidate the multidimensional regulation mechanisms of three key processes, cold rolling pre-deformation, homogenizing annealing, and intermediate annealing, on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 8011 aluminum alloy cast-rolled billets, thereby addressing production issues such as foil breakage and pinholes caused by microstructural inhomogeneity, and providing robust theoretical guidance for the process route of high-precision aluminum foil production. Using a cast-rolled billets characterized by the presence of Al9Fe2Si2 secondary phases and a gradient microstructure (3-5 μm fine grains at the surface and 10-15 μm coarse grains at the center), the following optimized processing chain was implemented. First, a 75% cold rolling pre-deformation was applied, resulting in the formation of 3.58 μm ultrafine grains and a strengthening of the β-fiber texture components, specifically Brass{011}<211> and S{123}<634>. This process reduced the recrystallization activation energy to 14.97 kJ/mol. Subsequently, homogenizing annealing was conducted at 530 ℃ for 3 h, which promoted the uniform dispersion of secondary phases, facilitated grain growth to an average size of 37.28 μm, and weakened the Cube texture intensity to 5.4. Finally, at a strip thickness of 0.24 mm, an intermediate annealing treatment at 400 ℃ for 1 h was performed. This step increased the precipitates content to a peak value of 4.28%, refined and homogenized the grain size to 18.16 μm, and significantly reduced the planar anisotropy Δr to 0.023 4. Through the synergistic effect of this processing chain, the material's strength and ductility were simultaneously enhanced. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) reached 108.2 MPa, coupled with an elongation (EI) of 40.55%. The Erichsen cup test value increased to 9.38 mm, and the Δr value was maintained at 0.023 4, indicating a significant improvement in plastic formability and thickness uniformity. The initial gradient and inhomogeneous microstructure was transformed into an optimized state characterized by uniform phase dispersion, refined grains, and controlled texture. This transformation fundamentally suppressed the occurrence of foil breakage and pinhole defects. In conclusion, the integrated optimized process-comprising 75% cold rolling pre-deformation+homogenizing annealing at 530 ℃ for 3 h+intermediate annealing at 400 ℃ for 1 h-not only effectively mitigates quality issues in aluminum foil stemming from microstructural inhomogeneity in the cast-rolled billets but also enhances the overall performance and quality stability of the final foil product. This research provides both a theoretical basis and practical guidance for the production of high-precision aluminum foil.
关键词
双辊铸轧 /
退火 /
再结晶 /
微观组织 /
平面各向异性
Key words
twin-roll casting /
annealing /
recrystallization /
microstructure /
planar anisotropy
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] 程杰. 铝箔生产及深加工[M]. 长沙: 中南大学出版社, 2010: 1-30.
CHENG J.Production and Deep Processing of Aluminum Foil[M]. Changsha: Central South University Press, 2010: 1-30.
[2] 陆刚. 漫谈铝箔的包装市场及其发展趋势[J]. 塑料包装, 2013, 23(3): 8-14.
LU G.Ramble Aluminum Foil Packing Market and Its Development Trend[J]. Plastics Packaging, 2013, 23(3): 8-14.
[3] RANAU R, OEHLENSCHLÄGER J, STEINHART H. Aluminium Levels of Fish Fillets Baked and Grilled in Aluminium Foil[J]. Food Chemistry, 2001, 73(1): 1-6.
[4] ENGLER O, LAPTYEVA G, ARETZ H, et al. Crystal-Plasticity Simulation of the Evolution of the Matt Surface in Pack Rolling of Aluminium Foil[J]. Materials Science Forum, 2014, 794/795/796: 553-558.
[5] ENGLER O, HUH M Y.Evolution of the Cube Texture in High Purity Aluminum Capacitor Foils by Continuous Recrystallization and Subsequent Grain Growth[J]. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 1999, 271(1/2): 371-381.
[6] LI Y, XU G F, LIU S C, et al.Study on Anisotropy of Al-Zn-Mg-Sc-Zr Alloy Sheet[J]. Materials Characterization, 2021, 172: 110904.
[7] YU X F, ZHAO Y M, WEN X Y, et al.A Study of Mechanical Isotropy of Continuous Cast and Direct Chill Cast AA5182 Al Alloys[J]. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2005, 394(1/2): 376-384.
[8] REN J, FANG X, CHEN D, et al.The Effect of Heat Treatments on the Microstructural Evolution of Twin-Roll-Cast Al-Fe-Si Alloys[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 2021, 30(6): 4401-4410.
[9] ZHANG J, PAN F S, ZUO R L, et al.The Low Temperature Precipitation in Commercial-Purity Aluminium Sheets for Foils[J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2008, 206(1/2/3): 382-387.
[10] 沈健,张新明. 深冲用铝板的织构和各向异性[J]. 轻合金加工技术, 1994(7): 27-33.
SHEN J, ZHANG X M.Texture and Anisotropy of Deep-Drawing Aluminum Sheet[J]. Light Alloy Fabrication Technology, 1994(7): 27-33.
[11] WU P D, NEALE K W, VAN DER GIESSEN E, et al. Crystal Plasticity Forming Limit Diagram Analysis of Rolled Aluminum Sheets[J]. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 1998, 29(2): 527-535.
[12] LENTZ M, LAPTYEVA G, ENGLER O.Characterization of Second-Phase Particles in Two Aluminium Foil Alloys[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2016, 660: 276-288.
[13] 王祝堂, 田荣璋. 铝合金及其加工手册[M]. 长沙: 中南大学出版社, 2000: 42-69.
WANG Z T, TIAN R Z.Handbook of Aluminum Alloy and Its Processing[M]. Changsha: Central South University Press, 2000: 42-69.
[14] NES E.The Effect of a Fine Particle Dispersion on Heterogeneous Recrystallization[J]. Acta Metallurgica, 1976, 24(5): 391-398.
[15] HANSEN N, BAY B.Initial Stages of Recrystallization in Aluminium Containing both Large and Small Particles[J]. Acta Metallurgica, 1981, 29(1): 65-77.
[16] DOHERTY R D, HUGHES D A, HUMPHREYS F J, et al.Current Issues in Recrystallization: A Review[J]. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 1997, 238(2): 219-274.
[17] HUMPHREYS F J, HATHERLY M.Recrystallization and Related Annealing Phenomena[M]. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2004
[18] OVID’KO I A, VALIEV R Z, ZHU Y T. Review on Superior Strength and Enhanced Ductility of Metallic Nanomaterials[J]. Progress in Materials Science, 2018, 94: 462-540.
[19] GRAS C, MEREDITH M, HUNT J D.Microstructure and Texture Evolution after Twin Roll Casting and Subsequent Cold Rolling of Al-Mg-Mn Aluminium Alloys[J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2005, 169(2): 156-163.
[20] HAGA T, TKAHASHI K, IKAWAAND M, et al.Twin Roll Casting of Aluminum Alloy Strips[J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2004, 153: 42-47.
[21] KIM K S, KIM S H, JEONG Y, et al.Microstructural Evolution of Twin-Roll-Cast Al-Mn Alloy during Cold Rolling and Subsequent Annealing: Effect of Number of Cold-Rolling Passes[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2019, 797: 504-513.
[22] WANG B, CHEN X H, PAN F S, et al.Effects of Cold Rolling and Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AA 5052 Aluminum Alloy[J]. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 2015, 25(8): 2481-2489.
[23] HIRSCH J, NES E, LÜCKE K. Rolling and Recrystallization Textures in Directionally Solidified Aluminium[J]. Acta Metallurgica, 1987, 35(2): 427-438.
[24] WANG W, HELBERT A L, BAUDIN T, et al.Reinforcement of the Cube Texture during Recrystallization of a 1050 Aluminum Alloy Partially Recrystallized and 10% Cold-Rolled[J]. Materials Characterization, 2012, 64: 1-7.
[25] KIM H C, KANG C G, HUH M Y, et al.Effect of Primary Recrystallization Texture on Abnormal Grain Growth in an Aluminum Alloy[J]. Scripta Materialia, 2007, 57(4): 325-327.
[26] CIEMIOREK M, CHROMINSKI W, OLEJNIK L, et al.Evaluation of Mechanical Properties and Anisotropy of Ultra-Fine Grained 1050 Aluminum Sheets Produced by Incremental ECAP[J]. Materials & Design, 2017, 130: 392-402.
[27] KUMAR R, GUPTA A, DANDEKAR T R, et al.Evolution of Microstructure and Texture during Homogenization in a Strip Cast AA8011 Aluminum Alloy[J]. Intermetallics, 2021, 130: 107064.
[28] SANTORA E, BERNEDER J, SIMETSBERGER F, et al.Mechanical Properties Evolution for 8xxx Foil Stock Materials by Alloy Optimization—Literature Review and Experimental Research[C]//Light Metals 2019. Cham: Springer, 2019: 365-372.
[29] 郑璇. 关于铝箔化学成分的探讨[J]. 轻合金加工技术, 1993, 21(1): 18-22.
ZHENG X.Discussion on Chemical Composition of Aluminum Foil[J]. Light Alloy Fabrication Technology, 1993, 21(1): 18-22.
[30] KUMAR R, ANSARI N, DANDEKAR T R, et al.Correlation of Microstructure, Texture and Intermetallic Particles during Multi-Step Cross-Rolling and Annealing in a Strip-Cast AA8011 Alloy[J]. Materials Today Communications, 2023, 35: 105812.
[31] ZHAO X Y, JIN T, DING L P, et al.The Effect of Combined Cold Rolling and Homogenization on the Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Twin-Roll Casted 8021 Aluminum Alloy[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2023, 937: 168385.
[32] SHIRZAD K, VINEY C.A Critical Review on Applications of the Avrami Equation beyond Materials Science[J]. Journal of the Royal Society, Interface, 2023, 20(203): 20230242.
[33] BAREKAR N S, DHINDAW B K.Twin-Roll Casting of Aluminum Alloys-an Overview[J]. Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 2014, 29(6): 651-661.
[34] 谭国寅, 杨钢, 岳有成, 等. 铝箔用8011铝合金冷轧板中间退火工艺的优化[J]. 铸造技术, 2015, 36(6): 1430-1431.
TAN G Y, YANG G, YUE Y C, et al.Intermediate Annealing Optimizing of 8011 Aluminum Alloy Cold-Rolling Plate for Aluminum Foil[J]. Foundry Technology, 2015, 36(6): 1430-1431.
[35] SUN Q Q, NI Y, WANG S.Orientation Dependence of Dislocation Structure in Surface Grain of Pure Copper Deformed in Tension[J]. Acta Materialia, 2021, 203: 116474.
[36] 李俊全, 刘文文, 陈科, 等. 异温轧制厚规格钢/铝/铝合金复合板的短时承热能力研究[J]. 精密成形工程, 2025, 17(7): 1-8.
LI J Q, LIU W W, CHEN K, et al.Short-Time Heat Bearing Capacity of Thick Gauge Steel/Aluminum/Aluminum Composite Plate Rolled at Different Temperature[J]. Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering, 2025, 17(7): 1-8.
[37] TAJALLY M, EMADODDIN E.Mechanical and Anisotropic Behaviors of 7075 Aluminum Alloy Sheets[J]. Materials & Design, 2011, 32(3): 1594-1599.
[38] SHEN F H, YI D Q, WANG B, et al.Semi-Quantitative Evaluation of Texture Components and Anisotropy of the Yield Strength in 2524 T3 Alloy Sheets[J]. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2016, 675: 386-395.
基金
云南省重大科技专项（202202AB080004-02）
PDF(17828 KB)
渝公网安备 50010702501719号 渝ICP备15012534号-4
