目的 为了探索镁合金舵翼蒙皮成形新途径,进一步拓展稀土镁合金的应用范围,对稀土镁合金舵翼蒙皮超塑气胀成形工艺进行了分析。方法 通过有限元仿真分析了不同成形参数下的稀土镁合金舵翼蒙皮超塑气胀成形过程,以最佳应变速率为目标优化气压加载曲线,并采用优化气压加载曲线进行了稀土镁合金舵翼蒙皮超塑气胀成形试验。结果 通过分析仿真结果,确定了超塑成形的最佳温度为420 ℃,最佳成形压力为1 MPa,最佳成形时间为1 h。在最佳成形参数下,2 mm镁合金板料成形后贴模紧密,蒙皮最小厚度为1.78 mm,减薄率为11%,蒙皮使用区域内板料厚度分布区间为1.8~2.0 mm。通过提取蒙皮截面位移,分析了不同空腔跨度下的板料超塑成形特性。通过“高温成形,带压降温”工艺,在优化超塑成形参数下制备得到稀土镁合金超塑成形舵翼蒙皮。结论 采用激光扫描设备测量舵翼表面,舵翼成形精度达到±0.2 mm,仅在舵翼面折角处存在轻微凹陷,实现了稀土镁合金舵翼蒙皮高精度超塑气胀成形。
Abstract
In order to explore new forming methods of RE magnesium rudder skin and expand the application range of RE magnesium, the work aims to analyze the superplastic gas forming process of RE magnesium rudder skin. The superplastic gas forming processes of RE magnesium alloy rudder skin under different forming parameters were analyzed through finite element simulation. The gas loading curve was optimized with the best strain rate as the optimization target. The superplastic forming experiment of RE magnesium rudder skin was conducted with optimized gas loading curve. By analyzing the simulation results, the best superplastic forming parameters were determined as temperature of 420 ℃, forming pressure of 1 MPa, and forming time of 1 h. Under the optimized forming parameters, 2 mm thick RE magnesium blank fitted tightly with the forming die, with the minimum thickness of 1.78 mm, and the thinning rate of 11%. The blank thickness distribution interval of valid skin area was 1.8-2.0 mm. The superplastic forming characteristics of RE magnesium under different die cavity spans were analyzed by extracting the skin displacement distribution in simulation. Through the “high temperature forming and cooling with pressure” process, the RE magnesium rudder skin was obtained under the optimized superplastic gas forming parameters. The rudder skin surface is measured through laser scan measurement, and the forming precision reaches ±0.2 mm, with only slight depression occurring in the skin folded corner, which achieves high precision superplastic gas forming process of RE magnesium rudder skin.
关键词
稀土镁合金 /
超塑性 /
气胀成形 /
有限元分析 /
成形精度
Key words
RE magnesium /
superplastic /
gas forming /
finite element analysis /
forming precision
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基金
上海市优秀学术/技术带头人计划（21XD1433900）
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