基于原子制造的非晶新材料探索

童星; 闫玉强; 柯海波; 汪卫华

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2025.12.001

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精密成形工程 ›› 2025, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (12) : 1-14. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2025.12.001

高熵与非晶合金的先进成型工程

基于原子制造的非晶新材料探索

童星¹, 闫玉强¹, 柯海波^1,*, 汪卫华^1,2,*

作者信息 +

Exploration of New Amorphous Materials via Atomic Manufacturing

TONG Xing¹, YAN Yuqiang¹, KE Haibo^1,*, WANG Weihua^1,2,*

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

非晶材料在人类文明与科学发展中具有重要地位,而非晶合金作为新型非晶态材料,因长程无序、短程有序的原子结构展现出高强度、高硬度等优异性能,在多个领域具有广阔的应用前景。然而,传统自上而下的快速冷却制备工艺受限于高冷却速率依赖、成分敏感性高、结构均匀性差等问题。近年来,自下而上的原子制造理念为非晶合金制备提供了新思路。原子制造以原子或原子团簇为基本构筑单元,通过可控生成、沉积与拼接实现宏观材料构筑,可绕过熔体冷却路径的限制,突破传统工艺瓶颈。本文综述了原子制造在非晶材料领域的代表性研究进展,包括超稳定玻璃的制备、单质金属玻璃化、结构与性能的多样化调控以及高熵无序合金的精准组装。同时也指出原子制造仍面临团簇源可控生成难、界面连接机理不明、跨尺度性能映射缺失等技术挑战。未来,基于原子制造的非晶材料研究有望推动新型非晶材料探索,深化对非晶形成机制与非晶结构的理解,通过突破性能极限,促进非晶合金在高性能结构件、功能器件及能源转换领域的广泛应用。

Abstract

Amorphous materials play a significant role in development of human civilization and science. Among them, amorphous alloys, as a novel class of amorphous materials, exhibit superior properties such as high strength and high hardness due to their atomic structure characterized by long-range disorder and short-range order, offering broad application prospects across various fields. However, conventional top-down rapid quenching techniques are constrained by their reliance on extremely high cooling rates, high compositional sensitivity, and poor structural uniformity. In recent years, the bottom-up concept of atomic manufacturing has provided a new pathway for the preparation of amorphous alloys. With atoms or atomic clusters as the fundamental building blocks, atomic manufacturing enables the construction of bulk materials through controllable generation, deposition, and assembly, thereby bypassing the limitations of melt-quenching routes and overcoming bottlenecks in traditional processing. The representative advances of atomic manufacturing in the field of amorphous materials are summarized, including the preparation of ultrastable glasses, vitrification of monatomic metal, structural and property diversification, and the precise assembly of high-entropy disordered alloys. Nevertheless, there exist some challenges, such as the controlled generation of cluster sources, unclear interfacial bonding mechanisms, and the lack of cross-scale property mapping. Atomic manufacturing is expected to drive the exploration of novel amorphous materials, deepen the understanding of glass formation mechanisms and structural fundamentals, and promote the broad application of amorphous alloys in high-performance structural components, functional devices, and energy conversion systems.

导出引用

童星, 闫玉强, 柯海波, 汪卫华. 基于原子制造的非晶新材料探索[J]. 精密成形工程. 2025, 17(12): 1-14 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2025.12.001

TONG Xing, YAN Yuqiang, KE Haibo, WANG Weihua. Exploration of New Amorphous Materials via Atomic Manufacturing[J]. Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering. 2025, 17(12): 1-14 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2025.12.001

中图分类号： TG139.8

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