目的 研究固溶时效温度对CMT电弧增材制造2319铝合金微观组织和力学性能的影响,为电弧增材制造2319铝合金热处理提供参考。方法 采用CMT电弧增材制造方法制备2319铝合金试件,首先对试件进行不同温度固溶处理（520 ℃/3 h、535 ℃/3 h和550 ℃/3 h）,获得过饱和固溶体,然后进行不同温度时效处理（150 ℃/3 h、175 ℃/3 h和200 ℃/3 h）,通过光学显微镜（OM）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察试件微观组织和拉伸断口形貌,通过拉伸试验机及硬度计测试试件的力学性能,分析组织及力学性能变化的原因。结果 沉积态和经过热处理后的微观组织主要为等轴晶和柱状晶,晶粒内和晶界处分布着大量θ相（Al2Cu）,沉积态相组成主要为α-Al基体和θ（Al2Cu）相,当时效温度为150 ℃时,有θ"相析出,当时效温度为175 ℃时,θ"相数量明显增加,当时效温度为200 ℃时,析出相中出现θ'相,经535 ℃/3 h+175 ℃/3 h固溶时效处理后,2319铝合金试件的抗拉强度达到382.7 MPa,屈服强度为196.7 MPa,延伸率为17.7%,平均硬度为121.6HV,断裂方式为韧性断裂。结论 通过固溶时效处理,CMT电弧增材制造2319铝合金性能明显提升,圆形或椭圆形的θ"（Al2Cu）析出相是2319铝合金力学性能提升的主要原因。
Abstract
The work aims to investigate the effects of solution and aging temperatures on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 2319 aluminum alloy fabricated by CMT arc additive manufacturing, providing a reference for the heat treatment of 2319 aluminum alloy in arc additive manufacturing. 2319 aluminum alloy specimens were prepared with the CMT arc additive manufacturing method. The specimens were first subject to solution treatment at different temperatures (520 ℃/3 h, 535 ℃/3 h, and 550 ℃/3 h) to obtain supersaturated solid solutions, followed by aging treatment at different temperatures (150 ℃/3 h, 175 ℃/3 h, and 200 ℃/3 h). The microstructure and tensile fracture morphology of the specimens were observed through optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The mechanical properties of the specimens were tested with a tensile testing machine and a hardness tester, and the reasons for changes in microstructure and mechanical properties were analyzed. The microstructure of the as-deposited and heat-treated specimens mainly consisted of equiaxed and columnar grains, with a large number of θ phase (Al2Cu) distributed within the grains and at grain boundaries. The as-deposited state primarily comprised α-Al matrix and θ (Al2Cu) phase. At an aging temperature of 150 ℃, θ" phase precipitated, and the amount of θ" phase significantly increased at 175 ℃. At 200 ℃, θ' phase appeared in the precipitates. After solution treatment at 535 ℃/3 h and aging at 175 ℃/3 h, the tensile strength of the 2319 aluminum alloy specimen reached 382.7 MPa, the yield strength was 196.7 MPa, the elongation was 17.7%, the average hardness was 121.6HV, and the fracture mode was ductile fracture. The properties of 2319 aluminum alloy fabricated by CMT arc additive manufacturing are significantly improved through solution and aging treatment. The circular or elliptical θ" (Al2Cu) precipitates are the main reason for the enhancement of the mechanical properties of 2319 aluminum alloy.
关键词
电弧增材制造 /
2319铝合金 /
固溶时效 /
微观组织 /
力学性能
Key words
arc additive manufacturing /
2319 aluminum alloy /
solution aging /
microstructure /
mechanical properties
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基金
国家自然科学基金（52265053）; 南昌航空大学研究生创新专项基金（YC2023-010）
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