镁合金棒材径向锻造-挤压成型过程组织及性能研究

邹景锋; 郭星晨; 孙栋; 朱艳春; 李裔涛; 何志强; 高飞扬

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2025.11.018

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精密成形工程 ›› 2025, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (11) : 190-200. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2025.11.018

轻合金成形

镁合金棒材径向锻造-挤压成型过程组织及性能研究

邹景锋^1,2,*, 郭星晨^1,3, 孙栋¹, 朱艳春^1,3, 李裔涛^1,2, 何志强^1,3, 高飞扬^1,3

作者信息 +

Microstructure and Properties of Magnesium Alloy Bar during Radial Forging-extrusion Forming Process

ZOU Jingfeng^1,2,*, GUO Xingchen^1,3, SUN Dong¹, ZHU Yanchun^1,3, LI Yitao^1,2, HE Zhiqiang^1,3, GAO Feiyang^1,3

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文章历史 +

摘要

目的利用径向锻造-挤压复合工艺实现ZK60镁合金棒材良好的强塑性匹配效果。方法利用Deform有限元软件对棒材成形过程进行模拟,分析径向锻造及径向锻造-热挤压过程中材料的宏观应力状态与应变梯度分布;结合大尺寸棒料径向锻造+热挤压实验,研究经复合工艺处理后棒材的组织演变与力学性能,揭示宏观应力对微观结构及性能的影响机制。结果径向锻造后,铸态合金中的粗大晶粒得到充分破碎,轴向晶粒显著细化,而径向晶粒尺寸自表面至心部呈梯度递增;模拟结果表明,该梯度结构主要由径向应变梯度引起,且在棒材外部区域形成较强基面织构。经25∶1高挤压比热挤压后,晶粒进一步细化,织构强度减弱,呈现典型纤维织构特征。与铸态棒材相比,径锻-挤压复合工艺制备的棒材抗拉强度由208 MPa提高至400 MPa,屈服强度由84 MPa提高至263 MPa,延伸率由8.5%提升至23.5%。结论径向锻造-挤压复合工艺可有效改善ZK60镁合金棒材的组织均匀性,实现强度与塑性的协同提升。该性能改善主要源于细晶强化、第二相强化及位错强化的共同作用。

Abstract

The work aims to realize the simultaneous improvement in strength and ductility for ZK60 magnesium alloy bars through an integrated radial forging and extrusion process. Finite element simulations via Deform software were employed to analyze the macroscopic stress distribution and strain gradient evolution during both radial forging and subsequent hot extrusion. The radial forging and hot extrusion experiment with large-scale billets was conducted to investigate the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of bar stocks after composite process treatment to reveal the effect mechanism of macroscopic stress on microstructure and properties. The radial forging effectively fragmented the coarse as-cast microstructure, producing remarkable grain refinement along the axial direction while generating a distinct radial grain size gradient from surface to center. Numerical simulations correlated this graded microstructure with the corresponding strain gradient, additionally revealing the formation of a strong basal texture in the subsurface region. Following high-ratio extrusion (25∶1), the grains were further refined and the texture intensity was weakened, resulting in a typical fibrous texture. Compared with as-cast bars, the bars processed by radial forging-extrusion exhibited substantially enhanced mechanical properties, with tensile strength increasing from 208 MPa to 400 MPa, yield strength from 84 MPa to 263 MPa, and elongation from 8.5% to 23.5%. The radial forging-extrusion process can effectively improve the microstructural homogeneity of ZK60 magnesium alloy bars, achieving a synergistic enhancement of strength and plasticity, which is attributed to the combined effects of grain refinement, second-phase strengthening, and dislocation strengthening.

导出引用

邹景锋, 郭星晨, 孙栋, 朱艳春, 李裔涛, 何志强, 高飞扬. 镁合金棒材径向锻造-挤压成型过程组织及性能研究[J]. 精密成形工程. 2025, 17(11): 190-200 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2025.11.018

ZOU Jingfeng, GUO Xingchen, SUN Dong, ZHU Yanchun, LI Yitao, HE Zhiqiang, GAO Feiyang. Microstructure and Properties of Magnesium Alloy Bar during Radial Forging-extrusion Forming Process[J]. Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering. 2025, 17(11): 190-200 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2025.11.018

中图分类号： TG146.2

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