6061-T6铝合金低周疲劳行为及寿命预测研究

马旭明; 韩泉峰; 王辉; 陈一哲; 华林

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2025.11.007

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精密成形工程 ›› 2025, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (11) : 79-92. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2025.11.007

先进材料智能成形技术

6061-T6铝合金低周疲劳行为及寿命预测研究

马旭明, 韩泉峰^*, 王辉, 陈一哲, 华林

作者信息 +

Low-cycle Fatigue Behavior and Life Prediction of 6061-T6 Aluminum Alloy

MA Xuming, HAN Quanfeng^*, WANG Hui, CHEN Yizhe, HUA Lin

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

目的研究6061-T6铝合金的低周疲劳行为,揭示该合金的循环塑性变形机制与疲劳裂纹萌生规律,并为铝合金等轻质材料的疲劳寿命评估提供理论指导。方法基于经典晶体塑性理论,引入背应力演化机制,研究铝合金在循环载荷作用下的力学响应。进一步地,定义累积等效塑性应变和累积应变能耗散2类疲劳损伤指示因子,同步结合试验进行疲劳裂纹萌生寿命的预测研究。结果 6061-T6铝合金的循环塑性行为对应变幅值高度敏感：在低应变幅值下呈循环稳定行为;在中等应变幅值下表现出明显的循环硬化;而在高应变幅值条件下则呈现先硬化后软化的演化特征。疲劳损伤主要集中于晶界及三晶交界点等塑性应变与能量耗散集中的区域。此外,2类疲劳指示因子均展现出良好的寿命预测能力,预测结果均落在±2倍寿命误差带范围内。结论所建立的本构模型框架能准确描述6061-T6铝合金在不同应变幅值下的循环塑性行为,2类疲劳指示因子具备较高的寿命预测精度。本研究验证了晶体塑性模拟在铝合金低周疲劳寿命预测中的可靠性,也为发展多尺度轻质合金疲劳寿命预测方法奠定了基础。

Abstract

The work aims to investigate the low-cycle fatigue behavior of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy, reveal the mechanisms underlying cyclic plastic deformation and fatigue crack initiation, and provide a theoretical guidance for the life assessment of lightweight alloys. First, a constitutive model incorporating the back stress evolution was established under the classical crystal plasticity framework to simulate the mechanical response of the aluminum alloy under cyclic loading. Furthermore, to evaluate the fatigue crack initiation life, two fatigue damage indicators, accumulated equivalent plastic strain and accumulated strain energy dissipation, were employed. The experimental and numerical results showed that the cyclic plastic response of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy was significantly sensitive to strain amplitude. At low strain amplitudes, the stress of the material exhibited cyclic stability. At medium strains, significant cyclic hardening was observed. However, at high strain amplitudes, the alloy initially showed cyclic hardening followed by a softening process. Fatigue damage occurred in the regions adjacent to grain boundaries and triple junctions, where indicated severely plastic strain and energy dissipation accumulate. These two fatigue indicators accurately predicted the fatigue life of the material, with the predicted life falling within a two-fold scatter band. In conclusion, the proposed constitutive model precisely describes the cyclic plastic behavior of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy at different strain amplitudes, and the selected fatigue indicator parameters show great ability in predicting the fatigue life of the material. This study validates the crystal plasticity simulation in assessing the low-cycle fatigue behavior of aluminum alloys and paves the way for the multiscale modeling of fatigue life prediction methods for the lightweight alloys.

导出引用

马旭明, 韩泉峰, 王辉, 陈一哲, 华林. 6061-T6铝合金低周疲劳行为及寿命预测研究[J]. 精密成形工程. 2025, 17(11): 79-92 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2025.11.007

MA Xuming, HAN Quanfeng, WANG Hui, CHEN Yizhe, HUA Lin. Low-cycle Fatigue Behavior and Life Prediction of 6061-T6 Aluminum Alloy[J]. Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering. 2025, 17(11): 79-92 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2025.11.007

中图分类号： TG146.2+1 TG115.5+7 TG111.8

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