目的 利用Visual-Environment焊接仿真软件和Sysweld求解器,结合双椭球焊接热源模型,对V-N-Cr微合金钢T型接头进行焊接数值模拟,并探究焊缝中心及其周边区域的温度场分布特征、相变行为以及残余应力生成机制。方法 通过Solidworks建立精确的T型接头模型,并导入Visual mesh中进行网格划分,共划分20 960个2D单元、70 300个3D单元和77 556个节点,以确保模拟结果的准确性。焊接参数设置如下：线能量输入为10 kJ/cm,焊接速度为5 mm/s,冷却方式为空冷,冷却时间为200 s。在边界条件设置中,根据牛顿冷却定律和斯蒂芬-波尔兹曼定律计算基材与周围介质的换热,同时施加刚性固定约束以限制焊接件的自由移动。结果 在焊接过程中,焊缝中心温度可达2 750 ℃左右,而未参与焊接的基材最高温度约为617 ℃,未超过V-N-Cr微合金钢的奥氏体转化温度Ac3。焊接完成后,焊缝微观组织主要由铁素体（56%）和贝氏体（63%）组成。残余应力分析结果表明,等效应力最大值为565.826 MPa,横向残余应力为555.572 MPa,纵向残余应力为533.444 MPa,两者相差仅12.128 MPa。最大变形量为0.261 mm,出现在距离焊道结尾约15 mm处。结论 采用的焊接工艺参数能够有效预测焊接过程中的温度场分布、相变行为以及残余应力的产生,从而显著降低焊接变形。这一结果表明,在该焊接工艺参数下,焊接接头的残余应力分布均匀,变形量小,焊接质量良好。
Abstract
The work aims to perform numerical simulation on the welding of V-N-Cr microalloyed steel T-joints by Visual-Environment welding simulation software and Sysweld solver, combined with the double ellipsoid welding heat source model, and investigate the temperature field distribution characteristics, phase transition behaviors, and residual stress generation mechanisms in the weld center and its surrounding area. An accurate T-joint model was created in Solidworks and imported into Visual mesh for meshing. A total of 20 960 2D units, 70 300 3D units and 77 556 nodes were divided to ensure the accuracy of the simulation results. The welding parameters were set to 10 kJ/cm of line energy input, 5 mm/s of welding speed and 200 s of air cooling period. In the boundary condition settings, the heat transfer between the base material and the surrounding medium was calculated according to Newton's cooling law and Stephan-Boltzmann's law, and a rigid fixed constraint was applied to restrict the free movement of the weldment. During welding, the temperature at the center of the weld could reach about 2 750 ℃, while the maximum temperature of the base material not involved in welding was about 617 ℃, which did not exceed the austenite transformation temperature Ac3 of V-N-Cr microalloyed steel. After welding, the microstructure of the weld was mainly composed of ferrite (56%) and bainite (63%). The residual stress analysis showed that the maximum equivalent stress was 565.826 MPa, the transverse residual stress was 555.572 MPa, and the longitudinal residual stress was 533.444 MPa, with a difference of only 12.128 MPa. The maximum deformation of 0.261 mm occurred about 15 mm from the end of the weld. The welding process parameters used in this study can effectively control the temperature field distribution, phase transformation behavior and residual stress generation during the welding process, thereby significantly reducing welding deformation. This result shows that the welding process parameters result in a weld joint with a uniform residual stress distribution, low deformation and good welding quality.
关键词
Sysweld /
V-N-Cr微合金钢 /
温度场 /
相变 /
应力应变
Key words
Sysweld /
V-N-Cr microalloyed steel /
temperature field /
phase transition /
stress and strain
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基金
国家重点研发计划（2022YFB3705200）;河北省创新能力提升计划（24461002D）;华北理工大学大学生创新创业训练计划（S202410081019）
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