目的 针对拨弹轮原材料利用率低的问题,提出工艺优化方案,通过30CrNi2MoVA钢棒旋转摩擦焊制备毛坯,并验证工艺的可行性。方法 采用30CrNi2MoVA钢棒分体式旋转摩擦焊技术制备毛坯,将焊后未正火样坯与正火样坯进行对比,经超声波探伤、调质处理后取样、制样,通过对化学成分、硬度、拉伸性能、显微组织、冲击性能等进行检测分析,确定拨弹轮优化工艺流程。结果 焊接接头和母材区域经超声波检测均符合标准I级要求;焊接接头和母材化学成分一致性好;与未正火直接调质处理的样坯相比,正火调质处理后的样坯硬度更高、偏差更小、分布均匀度更好;正火后的30CrNi2MoVA试样通过860 ℃淬火+ 650 ℃回火处理后,力学性能可满足GJB 2720A—2019《轻武器用结构钢钢棒规范》要求。结论 正火（随炉升温,880 ℃,空冷）可消除30CrNi2MoVA钢旋转摩擦焊焊接应力和组织遗传性,细化组织晶粒,均匀组织,为最终热处理作预备热处理;通过旋转摩擦焊制备的拨弹轮毛坯,经正火、淬火（860 ℃,油冷）、回火（550 ℃,水冷）处理后,达到图纸技术要求（37HRC~42HRC）;通过重构“分体式旋转摩擦焊+正火调质”一体化工艺流程,拨弹轮实现原材料利用率提升9%,同时满足使用需求,达到了工艺优化的目的。
Abstract
To solve the problem of low utilization rate of raw materials for the bullet wheel, the work aims to put forward a process optimization scheme and make blanks by rotary friction welding of 30CrNi2MoVA steel rod and validate the feasibility of the process. The split rotary friction welding of 30CrNi2MoVA steel rod was employed to fabricate blanks. A comparative analysis was conducted between the as-welded blanks not subject to normalizing and those subject to normalizing. Through ultrasonic testing, quenching and tempering treatment, followed by sampling and sample preparation, the optimized process flow for the bullet wheel was determined by comprehensive testing and analysis of chemical composition, hardness, tensile properties, microstructure, and impact performance. The welded joint and base metal area were tested by ultrasonic testing and met the requirements of Level I standard, with good consistency in chemical composition. Compared with the non-normalized samples that underwent direct quenching and tempering, the normalized and tempered samples exhibited higher hardness, smaller deviation, and greater uniformity. After normalizing, the 30CrNi2MoVA sample was quenched at 860 ℃ and tempered at 650 ℃ and the mechanical properties met the requirements of GJB 2720A—2019 “Specification for Structural Steel Bars for Small Arms”. Normalizing (heating with the furnace, 880 ℃, air cooling) can eliminate the welding stress and organizational heritability of 30CrNi2MoVA steel rotary friction welding, refine the microstructure grain, homogenize the microstructure, and prepare for the final heat treatment. The blanks of the bullet wheel made by rotary friction welding after normalizing treatment, quenching (860 ℃, oil cooling) and tempering (550 ℃, water cooling) meet the technical requirements of 37-42HRC on the drawing. By reconstructing the integrated process of “split rotary friction welding+normalizing and quenching and tempering”, the utilization rate of raw materials for the bullet wheel increases by 9%, while meeting the use requirements, achieving the purpose of process optimization.
关键词
拨弹轮 /
工艺优化 /
30CrNi2MoVA钢 /
旋转摩擦焊 /
正火 /
工艺流程
Key words
bullet wheel /
process optimization /
30CrNi2MoVA steel /
rotary friction welding /
normalizing /
process flow
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