目的 研究激光焊接时送丝速度对焊缝成形及其性能的影响。方法 采用激光填丝平板堆焊方式,选用不同送丝速度进行S32101双相不锈钢焊接试验,并从金相组织、拉伸性能、显微硬度、断口形貌等方面分析了焊接接头的微观组织与力学性能。结果 当送丝速度较小时,焊缝中填充金属较少,焊缝成形质量与力学性能较差,随着送丝速度的增加,焊缝填充金属增多,激光能量更多作用于焊丝端部,致使出现熔宽先增后减、熔深减小、余高增加的现象,焊缝铁素体含量降低,晶内奥氏体增加,焊接接头抗拉强度呈先上升后下降的趋势,当送丝速度为510 cm/min时,抗拉强度达到最大值,为835 MPa。此外,随送丝速度的增加,焊缝显微硬度总体呈增大趋势,且各接头显微硬度从母材到焊缝中心均呈现先减小后增大的趋势,并且热影响区处的硬度达到最小,存在明显的软化现象。结论 综合各项检测结果可知,在激光功率为6 000 W、焊接速度为7 mm/s的条件下,当送丝速度为470 cm/min时,焊缝成形与力学性能均达到较为良好的情况。
Abstract
The work aims to study the effect of wire feeding speed on weld forming and its properties during laser welding. The welding test of S32101 duplex stainless steel was carried out by laser wire filling plate surfacing at different wire feeding speed, and the microstructure and mechanical properties of the welded joint were analyzed from the aspects of metallographic structure, tensile properties, microhardness and fracture morphology. When the wire feeding speed was small, there was less filler metal in the weld and the forming quality and mechanical properties of the weld were poor. With the increase of the wire feeding speed, the filler metal of the weld increased, and the laser energy acted more on the end of the wire, resulting in the phenomenon that the melting width increased first and then decreased, the penetration depth decreased, and the residual height increased. In addition, the ferrite content of the weld decreased, the austenite in the grain increased, and the tensile strength of the welded joint increased first and then decreased. When the wire feeding speed was 510 cm/min, the tensile strength reached the maximum value of 835 MPa. In addition, with the increase of the wire feeding speed, the microhardness of the weld generally increased, and the microhardness of each joint decreased first and then increased from the base metal to the center of the weld, and the hardness at the heat-affected zone reached the minimum, and there was obvious softening. According to the test results, under the condition that the laser power is 6 000 W and the welding speed is 7 mm/s, the forming quality and mechanical properties of the weld are relatively good at the wire feeding speed of 470 cm/min.
关键词
激光填丝焊接 /
S32101双相不锈钢 /
微观组织 /
力学性能 /
不同送丝速度
Key words
laser wire filling welding /
S32101 duplex stainless steel /
microstructure /
mechanical properties /
different wire feeding speed
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基金
北京市科技计划重点项目（KZ202210017023）;国家自然科学基金联合基金重点支持项目（U22B20127）;北京市属高等学校高水平科研创新团队建设支持计划（BPHR20220110）
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