目的 研究轴向超声辅助搅拌摩擦焊（UAFSW）对铝锂合金焊缝组织与性能的影响规律,分析超声辅助焊接工艺对焊缝微观组织演变及接头力学性能提升的作用机理。方法 对2195-T8铝合金板进行搅拌摩擦焊（FSW）和UAFSW,利用光学显微镜、电子背散射衍射、透射电子显微镜等检测手段分析焊缝成形、微观组织及接头性能。结果 各转速下得到的UAFSW接头的抗拉强度与断后伸长率均高于常规FSW接头的,UAFSW接头的抗拉强度最高达到母材强度的74%。分析2种接头的薄弱位置焊核区发现,与常规FSW相比,UAFSW焊缝的焊核区宽度变小,热机影响区宽度增大。引入轴向超声使焊核区晶粒细化了5.8%,再结晶组织占比提高了10%,位错分布呈现出更多的弯折,T1相密度提升。结论 UAFSW工艺能明显提高2195铝合金的接头力学性能,这是由于施加超声不仅促进了动态再结晶并细化了晶粒,还通过增加位错弯折提升了应变能,从而促进了T1相的析出。
Abstract
The aims to investigate the effects of axial ultrasonic-assisted friction stir welding (UAFSW) on the microstructure and properties of aluminum-lithium alloy welded joints and analyze the affecting mechanisms of ultrasonic on the microstructure evolution of weld and the enhancement of joint properties. The 2195-T8 aluminum alloy plates were treated through friction stir welding (FSW) and UAFSW. Optical microscopy, electron back scattered diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy were employed to analyze the weld formation, microstructures, and joint properties. The tensile strength and elongation at fracture of the UAFSW joints obtained at various rotation speed were consistently higher than those of the conventional FSW joints. The maximum tensile strength of UAFSW joint reached 74% of that of base metal. By analyzing the weak locations of the joints, i.e. the weld nugget zones, it was found that the width of the UAFSW weld nugget zone was narrower compared to that of FSW weld, while the width of the thermal-mechanically affected zone increased. After the ultrasonic energy was introduced, the grain size in the weld nugget zone was refined by 5.8%, with the proportion of recrystallized structure increasing by 10%. The dislocation exhibited more bending, and the density of T1 phase was improved. The UAFSW process can significantly improve the mechanical properties of 2195 aluminum alloy joints. The improvement is attributed to the application of ultrasound, which not only further promotes dynamic recrystallization to refine the grains, but also increases the strain energy by increasing dislocation bending, thereby promoting the precipitation of T1 phase. The findings establish a theoretical and technical foundation for the high-quality FSW manufacturing of aerospace aluminum-lithium alloy structures.
关键词
轴向超声辅助搅拌摩擦焊 /
铝锂合金 /
微观组织 /
力学性能 /
影响机理
Key words
axial ultrasonic-assisted friction stir welding /
aluminum-lithium alloy /
microstructure /
mechanical property /
affecting mechanism
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] LI S S, YUE X, LI Q Y, et al.Development and Applications of Aluminum Alloys for Aerospace Industry[J]. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 2023, 27: 944-983.
[2] ABD EL-ATY A, XU Y, GUO X Z, et al. Strengthening Mechanisms, Deformation Behavior, and Anisotropic Mechanical Properties of Al-Li Alloys: A Review[J]. Journal of Advanced Research, 2018, 10: 49-67.
[3] MAHAKUR V K, GOUDA K, PATOWARI P K, et al.A Review on Advancement in Friction Stir Welding Considering the Tool and Material Parameters[J]. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 2021, 46(8): 7681-7697.
[4] SONG K J, LIANG P C, FU X S, et al.Thickness Effect of 2195 Al-Li Alloy Friction Stir Weld Fracture Toughness[J]. Materials, 2024, 17(15): 3639.
[5] MENG X C, CHEN X, HAN Z L, et al.New Technique to Repair Keyhole of 2195 Al-Li Alloy Friction Stir Welding Joints[J]. Materials, 2024, 17(14): 3418.
[6] 刘钊, 孔德瑜, 邓磊, 等. 铝合金塑性成形粗晶现象的研究进展[J]. 精密成形工程, 2024, 16(3): 1-15.
LIU Z, KONG D Y, DENG L, et al.Advancements in Investigating Coarse Grain Phenomena in Aluminum Alloy Plastic Deformation[J]. Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering, 2024, 16(3): 1-15.
[7] LAI R L, HE D Q, LIU L C, et al.A Study of the Temperature Field during Ultrasonic-Assisted Friction-Stir Welding[J]. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2014, 73(1): 321-327.
[8] STRASS B, WAGNER G, EIFLER D. Realization of Al/Mg-Hybrid-Joints by Ultrasound Supported Friction Stir Welding[J]. Materials Science Forum, 2014, 783/ 784/785/786: 1814-1819.
[9] MENG X C, HUANG Y X, CAO J, et al.Recent Progress on Control Strategies for Inherent Issues in Friction Stir Welding[J]. Progress in Materials Science, 2021, 115: 100706.
[10] 贺地求, 彭建红, 杨坤玉, 等. 航空铝合金超声搅拌复合焊工艺及机理[J]. 中国有色金属学报, 2012, 22(10): 2743-2748.
HE D Q, PENG J H, YANG K Y, et al.Technology and Mechanism of Ultrasonic Stir Compound Welding of Aeronautical Aluminum Alloy[J]. The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals, 2012, 22(10): 2743-2748.
[11] 武传松, 刘小超. 超声振动辅助搅拌摩擦焊的研究进展[J]. 焊接, 2013(4): 3-8.
WU C S, LIU X C.Research Progress and Trends in Ultrasound Vibration Assisted Friction Stir Welding[J]. Welding & Joining, 2013(4): 3-8.
[12] ELISEEV A A, FORTUNA S V, KALASHNIKOVA T A, et al.Structural Phase Evolution in Ultrasonic-Assisted Friction Stir Welded 2195 Aluminum Alloy Joints[J]. Russian Physics Journal, 2017, 60(6): 1022-1026.
[13] HU Y Y, LIU H J, FUJII H.Improving the Mechanical Properties of 2219-T6 Aluminum Alloy Joints by Ultrasonic Vibrations during Friction Stir Welding[J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2019, 271: 75-84.
[14] TARASOV S Y, RUBTSOV V Y, KOLUBAEV E A, et al.Ultrasonic-Assisted Friction Stir Welding on V95AT1 (7075) Aluminum Alloy[C]//Advanced Materials with Hierarchical Structure for New Technologies and Reliable Structures, Tomsk, Russia. AIP Publishing LLC, 2015: 020231.
[15] ZHAO W Z, ZHU Y L, LIU Z X, et al.Mechanism of Ultrasonic Effects on Thermal-Stress Field in Cu/Al-FSW Process[J]. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 2024, 270: 109101.
[16] ZHANG Q S, YAN A, CHEN K, et al.Effect of Tool Traverse Speed on Joint Line Remnant and Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Welded 2195-T8 Al-Li Alloy Joints[J]. High Temperature Materials and Processes, 2023, 42(1): 20220265.
[17] SAHA R, BISWAS P.Current Status and Development of External Energy-Assisted Friction Stir Welding Processes: A Review[J]. Welding in the World, 2022, 66(3): 577-609.
[18] CHEN P, CHEN W H, CHEN J X, et al.Effect of Base Material Temper Condition on Precipitate Evolution and Mechanical Properties of 2195 AlLi Alloy Friction Stir Welding Joints[J]. Materials Characterization, 2024, 209: 113712.
[19] LI S, HOU X T, YAN D J, et al.Research Progress on the Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Resistance of Friction Stir Welded of Al-Li Alloy Joints[J]. Materials Today Communications, 2024, 39: 109194.
[20] GE F Y, LIU S, ZHANG X, et al.Effect of Grain Orientation on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of FeCoCrNi High-Entropy Alloy Produced via Laser Melting Deposition[J]. Materials, 2023, 16(17): 5963.
[21] AGUSTIANINGRUM M P, VERMA S K, PETSCHKE D, et al.Revisiting Precipitates in Al-Cu-Li Alloys: Experiments and First-Principles Calculations of Thermodynamic Stability of Al2CuLi(T1) Precipitate[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2024, 991: 174495.
[22] ZHAO X Y, LIU W S, XIAO D H, et al.A Critical Review: Crystal Structure, Evolution and Interaction Mechanism with Dislocations of Nano Precipitates in Al-Li Alloys[J]. Materials & Design, 2022, 217: 110629.
[23] YOSHIMURA R, KONNO T J, ABE E, et al.Transmission Electron Microscopy Study of the Evolution of Precipitates in Aged Al-Li-Cu Alloys: The θ' and T1 Phases[J]. Acta Materialia, 2003, 51(14): 4251-4266.
[24] LI G H, XIAO W, LI X W, et al.The Influence of Aging Precipitates on the Mechanical Properties of Al-Li Alloys and Microstructural Analysis[J]. Metals, 2024, 14(5): 506.
[25] 谢冰鑫, 黄亮, 徐佳辉, 等. 2195铝锂合金时效析出行为与强化机理[J]. 中国有色金属学报, 2022, 32(8): 2160-2172.
XIE B X, HUANG L, XU J H, et al.Aging Precipitation Behavior and Strengthening Mechanism of 2195 Al-Li Alloy[J]. The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals, 2022, 32(8): 2160-2172.
[26] 杨德庄. 位错与金属强化机制[M]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学出版社, 1991: 42-46.
YANG D Z.Dislocations and Strengthening Mechanisms of Metals[M]. Harbin: Harbin Institute of Technology Press, 1991: 42-46.
基金
国家自然科学基金（52171032）;河北省自然科学基金（E2023501002）;中央高校基本科研业务专项资金（2024GFYD003）;东北大学秦皇岛分校大学生创新创业训练计划（CX24705）
PDF(8783 KB)
渝公网安备 50010702501719号 渝ICP备15012534号-4
