目的 研究S216铜合金CMT电弧增材过程中送丝速度对铝青铜单层单道熔敷层成形的影响。方法 分析了单层单道熔敷层组织特征和力学性能,以为单道多层薄壁墙体的增材制造提供数据支撑。结果 在控制焊接速度、干伸长和焊枪倾角等参数不变的情况下,随着送丝速度的增加,熔敷层的层宽、熔深、层高系数、截面积及稀释率均增大,而熔敷层层高则呈现先增大后减小的趋势。当送丝速度过大时,熔敷层表面出现铺展不均匀且褶皱氧化的现象。在微观组织方面,铝青铜熔敷层主要由α-Cu相、β′相及富Fe相组成。随着送丝速度的增加,富Fe相的形态由针尖状和颗粒状向雪花状和树枝状过渡。在高送丝速度下,由于熔敷层与基体之间形成了冶金结合,有渗透裂纹出现。在力学性能方面,当送丝速度为7 m/min时,熔敷层的显微硬度因为富Fe相显著增加而达到最高值165HV,且熔敷层与基体的剪切强度均超过640 MPa。结论 在Q235低碳钢基体上熔敷铝青铜时,熔敷层和基体的结合强度较高,二者发生了良好的冶金结合。
Abstract
The work aims to investigate the impact of wire feeding speed on the formation of the aluminum bronze single-layer and the single pass deposited layer in the CMT arc additive process of S216 copper alloy. Its microstructure characteristics and mechanical properties were analyzed to provide data support for the additive manufacturing of single pass multi-layer thin-walled walls. The research results indicated that, under the control of welding speed, dry elongation, and welding gun inclination angle, as the wire feeding speed increased, the layer width, depth, layer height coefficient, cross-sectional area, and dilution rate of the deposited layer all increased, while the layer height of the deposited layer exhibited increasing and then decreasing with higher wire feeding speeds. When the wire feeding speed became excessively high, surface defects such as uneven spreading and wrinkled oxidation were observed on the deposited layer. In terms of microstructure, the deposited layer of aluminum bronze was mainly composed of α-Cu phase, β' phase, and Fe rich phase. As the wire feeding speed increased, the morphology of the Fe rich phase transitioned from needle like and granular to snowflake like and dendritic. At high wire feeding speed, infiltration cracks occurred due to the metallurgical bond formed between the deposited layer and the substrate. Regarding mechanical properties, the microhardness of the deposited layer reached its peak value of 165HV at a wire feeding speed of 7 m/min, primarily due to the increased Fe-rich phase content. Additionally, the shear strength between the deposited layer and the substrate exceeded 640 MPa. In conclusion, when aluminum bronze is deposited onto a Q235 low-carbon steel substrate, the bonding strength between the deposited layer and the substrate is significantly high, leading to the formation of a robust metallurgical bond.
关键词
S216铝青铜 /
CMT电弧增材 /
熔敷层 /
组织性能
Key words
S216 aluminum bronze /
CMT arc additive /
deposited layer /
microstructure and properties
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] 杨栈琳, 刘岩, 曹博强, 等. 增材制造铜/钢双金属材料研究进展[J]. 精密成形工程, 2024, 16(2): 117-129.
YANG Z L, LIU Y, CAO B Q, et al.Research Progress of Copper/Steel Bimetallic Materials for Additive Manufacturing[J]. Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering, 2024, 16(2): 117-129.
[2] SINGH S R, KHANNA P.Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM): A New Process to Shape Engineering Materials[J]. Materials Today: Proceedings, 2021, 44: 118-128.
[3] 蔡志海, 杜娴, 柳建, 等. 水下湿法激光增材再制造技术[M]. 北京: 知识产权出版社, 2022.
CAI Z H, DU X, LIU J, et al.Underwater Wet Laser Additive Remanufacturing Technology[M]. Beijing: Intellectual Property Press, 2022.
[4] DHINAKARAN V, AJITH J, FATHIMA Y, et al.Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) Process of Nickel Based Superalloys: a Review[J]. Materials Today: Proceedings, 2020, 21: 920-925.
[5] HOU S, QI S Y, HUTT D A, et al.Three Dimensional Printed Electronic Devices Realised by Selective Laser Melting of Copper/High-Density-Polyethylene Powder Mixtures[J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2018, 254: 310-324.
[6] POPOVICH A, SUFIIAROV V, POLOZOV I, et al.Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Additive Manufactured Copper Alloy[J]. Materials Letters, 2016, 179: 38-41.
[7] ZHANG G M, LIU S C, CHEN C, et al.Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a Selective Laser Melted Cu-15Ni-8Sn Alloy[J]. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2019, 763: 138132.
[8] 王晓燕. 铜金属3D打印白皮书第二版[M]. 上海: 3D科学谷, 2021: 6-7.
WANG X Y.Copper Metal 3D Printing White Paper Second Edition[M]. Shanghai: 3D Science Valley, 2021: 6-7.
[9] 张兆栋, 何胜斌, 王奇鹏, 等. 电弧增材制造工艺方法、增材焊料及后处理的研究现状[J]. 电焊机, 2021, 51(8): 1-10.
ZHANG Z D, HE S B, WANG Q P, et al.Research Status of Process Method, additive Solder and Post-Processing in Arc Additive Manufacturing[J]. Electric Welding Machine, 2021, 51(8): 1-10.
[10] 叶安梁, 姜雁斌, 彭超群, 等. 增材制造铜及铜合金的研究进展[J]. 中国有色金属学报, 2024, 34(4): 1071-1090.
YE A L, JIANG Y B, PENG C Q, et al.Research Progress on Additive Manufacturing of Copper and Its Alloys[J]. The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals, 2024, 34(4): 1071-1090.
[11] 王荣城, 王文宇, 殷凤仕, 等. 铜及其合金表面涂层技术与增材制造技术研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2021, 35(19): 19142-19152.
WANG R C, WANG W Y, YIN F S, et al.Research Progress of Copper and Its Alloys Surface Coating Technology and Additive Manufacturing Technology[J]. Materials Reports, 2021, 35(19): 19142-19152.
[12] WOLF T, FU Z W, KÖRNER C. Selective Electron Beam Melting of an Aluminum Bronze: Microstructure and Mechanical Properties[J]. Materials Letters, 2019, 238: 241-244.
[13] 耿汝伟, 杜军, 魏正英. 电弧增材制造成形规律、组织演变及残余应力的研究现状[J]. 机械工程材料, 2020, 44(12): 11-17.
GENG R W, DU J, WEI Z Y.Research Process of Formation Law, Microstructure Evolution and Residual Stress in Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing[J]. Materials for Mechanical Engineering, 2020, 44(12): 11-17.
[14] DONG B S, PAN Z X, SHEN C, et al.Fabrication of Copper-Rich Cu-Al Alloy Using the Wire-Arc Additive Manufacturing Process[J]. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 2017, 48(6): 3143-3151.
[15] 陈茂爱, 张建华, 余雄兵. 不锈钢基板上CMT电弧增材制造铝青铜的组织及性能[J]. 中国有色金属学报, 2021, 31(12): 3499-3507.
CHEN M A, ZHANG J H, YU X B.Microstructure and Properties of Additive Manufactured Cu-Al Bronze Alloy on St-St Substrate Using CMT Arc as Heat Source[J]. The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals, 2021, 31(12): 3499-3507.
[16] HUANG J, YAN X C, CHANG C, et al.Pure Copper Components Fabricated by Cold Spray (CS) and Selective Laser Melting (SLM) Technology[J]. Surface and Coatings Technology, 2020, 395: 125936.
[17] LIU L M, ZHUANG Z L, LIU F, et al.Additive Manufacturing of Steel-Bronze Bimetal by Shaped Metal Deposition: Interface Characteristics and Tensile Properties[J]. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2013, 69(9): 2131-2137.
[18] 郑肃, 李雨阳, 陈鹏起, 等. 铜及铜合金增材制造技术现状和发展趋势[J]. 有色金属加工, 2024, 53(1): 23-31.
ZHENG S, LI Y Y, CHEN P Q, et al.Current Situation and Development Trend of Additive Manufacturing Technology for Copper and Copper Alloys[J]. Nonferrous Metals Processing, 2024, 53(1): 23-31.
[19] 胡剑, 马迪, 魏刚, 等. 激光增材制造铜/钢复合材料的组织与性能研究[J]. 热加工工艺, 2024, 53(23): 152-158.
HU J, MA D, WEI G, et al.Study on Microstructure and Properties of Copper/Steel Composites Made by Laser Additive[J]. Hot Working Technology, 2024, 53(23): 152-158.
[20] 张宁波, 温斯涵, 张景琪, 等. 铜合金增材制造技术在航天领域应用进展[J]. 军民两用技术与产品, 2024(1): 17-25.
ZHANG N B, WEN S H, ZHANG J Q, et al.Research on Superalloy Additive Manufacturing Technology and Its Application Progress[J]. Dual Use Technologies & Products, 2024(1): 17-25.
[21] 吴谊友, 丁柔, 陈超, 等. 3D打印铜及铜合金的研究进展[J]. 粉末冶金材料科学与工程, 2022, 27(2): 121-128.
WU Y Y, DING R, CHEN C, et al.Research Progress on 3D Printing of Pure Copper and Copper Alloys[J]. Materials Science and Engineering of Powder Metallurgy, 2022, 27(2): 121-128.
[22] 王荣城. CMT电弧增材黄铜修复层组织和性能的研究[D]. 淄博: 山东理工大学, 2021.
WANG R C.Research on the Microstructure and Properties of CMT Arc Additive Brass Repair Layer[D]. Zibo: Shandong University of Technology, 2021.
[23] SHEN C, PAN Z X, DING D H, et al.The Influence of Post-Production Heat Treatment on the Multi-Directional Properties of Nickel-Aluminum Bronze Alloy Fabricated Using Wire-Arc Additive Manufacturing Process[J]. Additive Manufacturing, 2018, 23: 411-421.
[24] DHARMENDRA C, RICE K P, AMIRKHIZ B S, et al.Atom Probe Tomography Study of κ-Phases in Additively Manufactured Nickel Aluminum Bronze in As-Built and Heat-Treated Conditions[J]. Materials & Design, 2021, 202: 109541.
[25] 殷婷钰. 合金元素对铝青铜合金激光熔覆层组织及性能的影响[D]. 沈阳: 沈阳工业大学, 2022.
YIN T Y.The Influence of Alloy Elements on the Microstructure and Properties of Laser Cladding Layer of Aluminum Bronze Alloy[D]. Shenyang: Shenyang University of Technology, 2022.
[26] 马硕. 高强韧镍铝青铜合金的制备及其组织演变与力学行为[D]. 上海: 上海交通大学, 2022.
MA S.Preparation, Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Behavior of High-strength and Tough Nickel Aluminum Bronze Alloy[D]. Shanghai: Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2022.
基金
江苏海院科研启动基金（2024BSKY22）;江苏海院校级课题（2024ZKyb03）;大学生创新创业项目;江苏省“科技副总”项目（FZ20241869）
PDF(8598 KB)
渝公网安备 50010702501719号 渝ICP备15012534号-4
