目的 得到表面质量良好的304不锈钢薄壁构件,研究线能量及轨迹夹角对CMT（Cold Metal Transfer,冷金属过渡焊接）增材件组织和性能的影响。方法 对尺寸为300 mm×150 mm×8 mm的304不锈钢基板进行CMT电弧增材制造试验,对增材件进行金相切割和腐蚀,利用金相显微镜观察成形件的组织,利用万能拉伸试验机检测成形件的力学性能,并对实验过程中热输入对成形件组织和性能的影响进行分析与讨论。结果 线能量每增加50 J/cm,层高增加10.9%,层宽增加6.3%;在同样的线能量情况下,角度越小,宽度和高度越大;随着线能量的增加,电弧增材试样中柱状晶的组织数量增加;随着轨迹夹角的减小,夹角处的组织更为粗大;随着焊接线能量的增加,试样的抗拉强度增加,从线能量为150 J/cm时的563 MPa增加到了300 J/cm时的604 MPa,增加了7.3%。结论 随着线能量的增加,熔覆层的宽度和高度均增加,熔覆金属的织构尺寸增大,抗拉强度随着线能量的增加而增加;夹角处熔覆层的宽度和高度随着轨迹夹角的减小而增大,夹角处的柱状晶组织随着轨迹夹角的变小而增大;通过计算轨迹夹角处熔覆面积,获得了夹角处熔覆金属重叠区域的数学模型,该模型可用于表征夹角处熔覆层的尺寸,增加轨迹夹角和减小线能量更容易获得尺寸均匀的增材结构。
Abstract
The work aims to investigate the effects of linear energy and trajectory angle on the microstructure and properties of Cold Metal Transfer (CMT) additive components to obtain 304 stainless steel thin-walled components with good surface quality. Experiments were conducted by CMT arc additive manufacturing on a 304 stainless steel substrate of 300 mm× 150 mm×8 mm. The additive components were sectioned and etched for metallographic analysis. The microstructure of the formed components was observed with a metallographic microscope, and their mechanical properties were tested with a universal tensile testing machine. The influence of heat input on the microstructure and properties of the formed components was analyzed and discussed. The results showed that, for every 50 J/cm increase in linear energy, the layer height increased by 10.9%, and the layer width increased by 6.3%. With the same linear energy, smaller angles resulted in greater width and height. As the linear energy increased, the number of columnar grain structures in the arc additive samples also increased. As the trajectory angle decreased, the microstructure at the angle became coarser. With the increase of the welding linear energy, the tensile strength of the samples increased from 563 MPa at 150 J/cm to 604 MPa at 300 J/cm, representing an increase of 7.3%. The study demonstrates that, as the linear energy increases, the width and height of the cladding layer increase, and the texture size of the cladding metal also increases. As the trajectory angle decreases, the width and height of the cladding layer at the angle increase, and the columnar grain structure becomes larger. By calculating the cladding area at the angle of the trajectory, a mathematical model of the overlapping area of the cladding metal at the angle was obtained. This model can be used to characterize the size of the cladding layer at the angle. Increasing the trajectory angle and reducing the linear energy make it easier to obtain a uniform-sized additive structure.
关键词
电弧增材 /
304不锈钢 /
线能量 /
微观组织 /
力学性能
Key words
arc additive /
304 stainless steel /
line energy /
microstructure /
mechanical property
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基金
国家自然科学基金（52205341）;广州市开发区国际科技合作项目（2023GH19）
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