目的 研究不同TiC含量下梯度材料微观组织的演变机理与高温性能的变化趋势。方法 基于激光直接能量沉积方法制备不同成分变化率的TiC/TC4梯度材料试块,其中TiC含量（质量分数）分别为1.5%和3.0%,通过观察不同成分变化梯度试块的微观形貌,分析了组织演变机理,通过EDS测试分析了不同成分变化梯度试块中各析出相的元素分布情况,并开展了高温拉伸测试,研究了高温拉伸性能与断裂机制。结果 共晶TiC主要呈现出链状、颗粒状特征,初生TiC的形貌以枝晶状为主,共晶TiC中固溶了更多的Al元素;变化梯度为1.5%（质量分数）的试块底部、中部和顶部的抗拉强度分别为860、845、548 MPa,而变化梯度为3.0%（质量分数）的试块底部、中部和顶部的抗拉强度分别为859、875、662 MPa。结论 随着TiC含量的增加,不同成分变化梯度下的TiC析出相形貌均由颗粒状、链状逐渐转变为树枝状,3.0%（质量分数）变化梯度下的梯度试块顶部树枝晶更加发达。成分变化率对梯度试样底部与中部区域高温强度的影响较小,在3.0%（质量分数）变化梯度下,梯度试块顶部高温强度较高。
Abstract
The work aims to study the evolution mechanism of the microstructure and the changing trend of high-temperature performance of gradient materials under different TiC contents. Based on the laser direct energy deposition method, TiC/TC4 gradient material samples with the TiC content varying by 1.5wt.% and 3.0wt.% were prepared. The microstructure morphology and element distribution under different composition change gradients was observed and high-temperature tensile tests were performed to investigate the microstructure forming mechanism and high-temperature properties. The results showed that eutectic TiC primarily exhibited chain-like and granular characteristics, with primary TiC predominantly dendritic in morphology. The eutectic TiC incorporated a higher concentration of Al elements. For samples with a change gradient of 1.5wt.%, the tensile strengths at the bottom, middle, and top sections were 860, 845, and 548 MPa, respectively. For a change gradient of 3.0wt.%, the corresponding strengths were 859, 875, and 662 MPa, respectively. With the increase of the TiC content, the morphology of precipitated TiC phases under different compositional gradients gradually transitions from granular and chain-like to dendritic structures. For samples with a change gradient of 3.0wt.%, the dendritic crystals at the top section are more pronounced. The compositional gradient rate has a limited impact on the high-temperature strength of the bottom and middle sections, but the top section of samples with a change gradient of 3.0wt.% exhibits significantly higher high-temperature strength.
关键词
功能梯度材料 /
激光直接能量沉积 /
成分设计 /
微观组织 /
高温性能
Key words
functional gradient materials /
laser direct energy deposition /
compositional design /
microstructure /
high-temperature properties
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