基于RSM和NSGA-&#x02161;的SLM 316L医用不锈钢薄壁结构残余应力与硬度的优化研究

周春红; 舒玉强; 陈杰

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2025.10.010

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精密成形工程 ›› 2025, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (10) : 103-115. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2025.10.010

增材制造

基于RSM和NSGA-Ⅱ的SLM 316L医用不锈钢薄壁结构残余应力与硬度的优化研究

周春红^1,*, 舒玉强², 陈杰³

作者信息 +

Optimization of Residual Stress and Hardness of SLM 316L Medical Stainless Steel Thin-walled Structure Based on RSM and NSGA-Ⅱ

ZHOU Chunhong^1,*, SHU Yuqiang², CHEN Jie³

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

目的为了同时改善选区激光熔化（SLM）成形薄壁结构的残余应力和显微硬度,提出了一种集成响应面法（RSM）和非支配排序遗传算法（NSGA-Ⅱ）的多目标优化方法。方法首先采用RSM建立激光功率、扫描速度、扫描间距与薄壁结构残余应力和显微硬度的非线性模型。通过NSGA-Ⅱ算法和TOPSIS法进行多目标优化,同时筛选出最佳解决方案并进行实验验证。结果通过响应面法建立了残余应力和显微硬度的高精度非线性模型,其决定系数依次为0.969 6、0.934 4;算法在迭代3 000次下获得了最佳的Pareto解集,并通过TOPSIS筛选出了最佳解决方案：激光功率为157 W、扫描速度为1 100 mm/s、扫描间距为0.11 mm;验证结果表明,优化结果与实验结果的误差较低,与未优化前相比,优化后样品残余应力降低了37.2%,显微硬度提高了12.3%。结论基于所提出的方法能够有效实现316L薄壁结构残余应力和显微硬度的多目标优化,研究结果可为SLM成形316L不锈钢薄壁结构件工艺参数优化提供有效理论参考。

Abstract

In order to simultaneously improve the residual stress and microhardness of the thin-walled structures formed by the selective laser melting (SLM), the work aims to propose a multi-objective optimization method integrating response surface methodology (RSM) and non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-Ⅱ). A nonlinear model of laser power, scanning speed, and scanning spacing versus residual stress and microhardness of thin-walled structures was firstly established with RSM. Multi-objective optimization was carried out by NSGA-Ⅱ algorithm and TOPSIS method, while the best solution was screened and experimentally verified. A high-precision nonlinear model of residual stress and microhardness was established by the response surface method with the coefficients of determination of 0.969 6 and 0.934 4 in order. The optimal Pareto solution set was obtained by the algorithm under 3 000 iterations, and the optimal solution was screened out by TOPSIS: the laser power was 157 W, the scanning speed was 1 100 mm/s, and the scanning spacing was 0.11 mm. The validation results showed that the error between the optimized results and the experimental results was low, for the sample after optimization, the residual stress decreased by 37.2% and the microhardness increased by 12.3%. The proposed method can effectively realize the multi-objective optimization of the residual stress and microhardness of 316L thin-walled structures and the results of the study can provide effective theoretical reference for the optimization of process parameters of 316L stainless steel thin-walled structural parts formed by SLM.

导出引用

周春红, 舒玉强, 陈杰. 基于RSM和NSGA-Ⅱ的SLM 316L医用不锈钢薄壁结构残余应力与硬度的优化研究[J]. 精密成形工程. 2025, 17(10): 103-115 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2025.10.010

ZHOU Chunhong, SHU Yuqiang, CHEN Jie. Optimization of Residual Stress and Hardness of SLM 316L Medical Stainless Steel Thin-walled Structure Based on RSM and NSGA-Ⅱ[J]. Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering. 2025, 17(10): 103-115 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2025.10.010

中图分类号： TG665 TG142.71

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