目的 探索钛合金箔材在不同加载条件下的屈服行为,评估不同屈服准则的适用性。然后通过有限元仿真,为钛合金双极板的成形过程提供理论依据,研究其在多步成形过程中的变形特性。方法 在不同比例加载条件下进行单向与双向拉伸实验,获得0.1 mm钛箔的基本力学性能参数及初始屈服轨迹,然后采用Hill48屈服准则、Barlat89屈服准则、Yld2000-2d屈服准则对其进行理论预测。基于Hill48屈服准则进行有限元模拟,探究钛合金箔材在多步成形双极板过程中的变形行为,建模时通过减少微流道数目,同时保留双极板基本细节特征,来提高计算效率。结果 Hill48与Yld2000-2d屈服准则预测能力接近,平均误差为4%~7%,Barlat89屈服准则的预测误差最大;采用Hill48屈服准则预测的精度最高,平均误差仅为1.4%。在多步成形模拟过程中,钛双极板微流道转角处的减薄率较大,而型腔边缘减薄率在10%以内;保压卸载后的微流道中仍然有较大的残余应力,说明该部分容易产生应力集中,从而导致箔材的损伤开裂。结论 在钛合金箔材的屈服预测中,Hill48屈服准则具有较高的精度,有限元仿真结果为钛合金双极板的成形工艺优化提供了重要的理论支持。
Abstract
The work aims to explore the yield behaviour of titanium alloy foils under different loading conditions, evaluate the applicability of different yield criteria, and conduct finite element simulation to provide a theoretical basis for the forming process of titanium alloy bipolar plates, and study their deformation characteristics during the multi-step forming process. Uniaxial and biaxial tensile experiments under different ratio loading conditions were carried out to obtain the initial yield locus of titanium foils with a thickness of 0.1 mm. Then, Hill48, Barlat89 and Yld2000-2d yield criteria were adopted to predict the initial yield locus to evaluate the applicability of various yield criteria. The Hill48 yield criterion was selected for finite element simulation to investigate the deformation behaviour of the titanium alloy foils during the multi-step forming of bipolar plate. The number of microchannels was reduced and the basic details of the bipolar plate were retained at the same time to improve the calculation efficiency. The results showed that the prediction ability of Hill48 and Yld2000-2d yield criterion was close to each other, which had similar average error about 4%-7%, while the Barlat89 yield criterion exhibited the largest prediction error. The Hill48 yield criterion, applied with a zonal solution approach, demonstrated high accuracy in predicting the yield locus. Especially, the Hill48 yield criterion with a four-zone solution approach provides the most excellent prediction precision, with an average error of only 1.4%. In the multi-step forming simulation process, the thickness reduction rate at the corner of the microchannel was larger than that at the edge of the cavity which was less than 10%. After the holding and unloading process, significant residual stress remained in the microchannels, indicating that this region was prone to stress concentration, which might lead to damage and cracking of the foils. In conclusion, in the yield prediction of titanium alloy foils, the Hill48 yield criterion has a relatively high accuracy. The finite element simulation results provide important theoretical support for the optimization of the forming process of titanium alloy bipolar plates.
关键词
钛合金箔材 /
屈服轨迹 /
屈服准则 /
双极板 /
数值仿真 /
多步冲压成形
Key words
titanium alloy foil /
yield loci /
yield criterion /
bipolar plate /
numerical simulation /
multi-step stamping forming
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基金
国家重点研发计划（2022YFB2502401）
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