目的 针对某类钛合金铸件表面缺陷频发、返修困难、报废率高的问题,研究表面缺陷产生的原因,并提出有效的工艺改进措施,以期改善荧光表现,提高铸件表面质量。方法 采用宏观观察、扫描电镜微观形貌分析、化学成分分析以及硬度检测等方法,确定了表面缺陷类型及产生原因。基于诱因制定两项改进措施,并通过投产试验件对改进效果进行验证。结果 该钛合金铸件表面缺陷为线性裂纹,呈现出典型的准解理断裂特征。表面硬而脆的富氧α层残留是导致铸件开裂的根本原因。采取2个工艺改进措施：控制铸造过程工艺参数,对富氧α层较厚的转接R角结构增加初打磨操作。措施实施后,试验件荧光检验一次合格率大幅提升,由12.5%提高到93.75%,无报废情况。结论 解决了该钛合金铸件表面缺陷频发的问题,使表面质量显著提升,缩短了产品交付周期,对实际生产降本增效具有重要意义。
Abstract
Regarding the frequent surface defects, difficulty in repairing, and high scrap rate in a certain type of titanium alloy casting, the work aims to study the causes of surface defects and propose effective process improvement measures, so as to improve fluorescence performance and enhance surface quality of the casting. The type and causes of surface defects were determined by macroscopic observation, SEM microscopic morphology analysis, chemical composition analysis and hardness testing. Two improvement measures were developed based on incentives and experimental castings were produced to verify the improvement effect. The results indicated that surface defects of the titanium alloy casting were linear cracks, and exhibiting typical quasi-cleavage fracture characteristics. The residual hard and brittle α layer enriched with oxygen on the surface was the fundamental cause of the casting cracking. Two process improvement measures were taken: controlling parameters during the casting process and adding initial polishing to the radius structure with a thick α layer enriched with oxygen. After measures implemented, the first-time pass rate of fluorescence inspection of experimental castings significantly increased from 12.5% to 93.75%, with no scrap cases. This study solves frequent surface defects of the titanium alloy casting, improves the surface quality, shortens product lead time and is of great significance for reducing costs and increasing efficiency in actual production.
关键词
钛合金 /
熔模铸造 /
表面缺陷 /
荧光渗透检测 /
富氧α层
Key words
titanium alloy /
investment casting /
surface defects /
fluorescent penetration testing /
α layer enriched with oxygen
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