Mg/Al合金复合材料成形与制备：优势、挑战与突破方向

谢旭峰; 周弋凇; 赵健行; 王延; 钟韬; 胡红军; 马相

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2025.10.001

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精密成形工程 ›› 2025, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (10) : 1-20. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2025.10.001

轻合金成形

Mg/Al合金复合材料成形与制备：优势、挑战与突破方向

谢旭峰¹, 周弋凇¹, 赵健行¹, 王延¹, 钟韬^2,*, 胡红军¹, 马相³

作者信息 +

Forming and Preparation of Mg/Al Alloy Composites: Advantages, Challenges and Breakthrough Directions

XIE Xufeng¹, ZHOU Yisong¹, ZHAO Jianxing¹, WANG Yan¹, ZHONG Tao^2,*, HU Hongjun¹, MA Xiang³

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

轻量化技术对推动运输行业节能减排有着重要作用,双金属复合材料在该领域潜力巨大。其中Mg/Al复合材料因镁合金和铝合金的独特优势而备受关注,但存在硬脆相金属间化合物影响结合强度的问题,提升其结合强度成为研究热点。本文综述了国内外Mg/Al复合材料制备方法包括焊接、铸造、轧制和挤压等的研究进展,指出不同工艺下扩散层结构和金属间化合物的形成效果有所不同。为提高结合强度,研究主要集中在添加合金元素和工艺优化两方面。在各连接工艺中添加合金元素如Zn、Ni、Ag等能有效改善基体力学性能,但也可能引入新的问题,如硬度降低、引发应力集中和断裂韧性降低等。在工艺优化方面,超声波振动辅助工艺在焊接和铸造中展现出显著优势,能细化晶粒、抑制金属间化合物生长、优化界面结构,提高材料的剪切强度、硬度和韧性,但对挤压工艺的研究较少。此外,本文总结了超声波振动对Mg和Al合金本身的微观组织和力学性能的积极影响,指出了超声波振动辅助技术当前面临的挑战,并对其优化方向和发展前景进行了展望。

Abstract

Lightweight technology plays an important role in promoting energy conservation and emission reduction in the transportation industry, and bimetallic composite materials have enormous potential in this field. Among them, Mg/Al composite materials have attracted much attention due to the unique advantages of magnesium alloys and aluminum alloys, but there is a problem of the effect of hard and brittle intermetallic compounds on the bonding strength, and improving their bonding strength has become a research hotspot. The work aims to review the research progress on the preparation methods of Mg/Al composite materials in China and abroad, including welding, casting, rolling, and extrusion and point out that the diffusion layer structure and the formation effect of intermetallic compounds will vary under different processes. To improve the bonding strength, the focus is placed on adding alloying elements and optimizing processes. Adding alloying elements such as Zn, Ni, Ag, etc. can effectively improve the mechanical properties of the matrix under various connection processes, but may also introduce new problems such as reduced hardness, stress concentration, and decreased fracture toughness. In terms of process optimization, ultrasonic vibration assisted technology has shown significant advantages in welding and casting, which can refine grains, suppress the growth of intermetallic compounds, optimize interface structure, and improve the shear strength, hardness, and toughness of materials. However, there is relatively little research on extrusion technology. In addition, the positive effects of ultrasonic vibration on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg and Al alloys are summarized, the challenges currently faced by ultrasonic vibration assisted technology are pointed out, and the optimization direction and development prospects are put forward.

导出引用

谢旭峰, 周弋凇, 赵健行, 王延, 钟韬, 胡红军, 马相. Mg/Al合金复合材料成形与制备：优势、挑战与突破方向[J]. 精密成形工程. 2025, 17(10): 1-20 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2025.10.001

XIE Xufeng, ZHOU Yisong, ZHAO Jianxing, WANG Yan, ZHONG Tao, HU Hongjun, MA Xiang. Forming and Preparation of Mg/Al Alloy Composites: Advantages, Challenges and Breakthrough Directions[J]. Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering. 2025, 17(10): 1-20 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2025.10.001

中图分类号： TB331

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