目的 研究热处理温度对钛钢异种金属激光焊接头焊后残余应力、组织和性能的影响规律。方法 通过真空热处理的方法,分别在300、600、900 ℃下保温3 h对钛钢异种金属激光焊接头进行真空热处理,并设置常温下的接头作为对照组,采用金相显微镜、扫描显微镜、EDS能谱仪、显微硬度测试计、拉伸硬度测试仪研究了不同温度下接头的显微组织和力学性能。结果 随着温度升高,焊缝中Fe原子的扩散速率明显高于Ti原子的扩散速率,温度越高,焊缝区域组织越均匀,硬度也越低;但同时,会降低接头的抗拉强度,当热处理温度为300 ℃时,接头具有最大的抗拉强度128.2 MPa,接头的断裂方式均表现为脆性断裂。在一定的温度范围内,热处理可以降低接头焊后残余应力,提高接头性能;但同时,温度升高,还会促进焊缝中元素的相互扩散,增加了脆性金属间化合物的生成,降低接头性能。结论 热处理对钛/钢异种金属激光焊接头的作用是双向的,如何通过热处理的方式降低接头残余应力,提高接头性能,还需要更精细化的研究。
Abstract
The work aims to study the influence of heat treatment temperature on the residual stress, microstructure and properties of titanium-steel dissimilar metal laser joints after welding. Vacuum heat treatments were conducted on titanium-steel dissimilar metal laser-welded joints at 300, 600, and 900 ℃ for 3 h, with untreated joints at room temperature serving as the control group. The microstructure and mechanical properties at various temperature were analyzed using metallographic microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), microhardness testing, and tensile testing. Results indicated that with increasing temperature, the diffusion rate of Fe atoms in the weld markedly surpassed that of Ti atoms. At elevated temperature, the weld region became more homogeneous, while hardness progressively decreased. However, this homogeneity came at the expense of reduced tensile strength. The joint treated at 300 ℃ achieved the maximum tensile strength of 128.2 MPa, with brittle fracture as the dominant failure mode. Within an optimal temperature range, heat treatment effectively reduced post-weld residual stress and enhanced joint performance. However, excessive temperature accelerated elemental diffusion in the weld, fostering the formation of brittle intermetallic compounds, which degraded joint performance. Consequently, the effects of heat treatment on titanium-steel dissimilar metal laser-welded joints are dual-faceted. The method of reducing the residual stress of joints and improving joint performance through heat treatment still requires more refined research.
关键词
真空热处理 /
抗拉强度 /
硬度 /
脆性断裂 /
金属间化合物 /
残余应力
Key words
vacuum heat treatment /
tensile strength /
hardness /
brittle fracture /
intermetallic compound /
residual stress
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