目的 为提高纯钼薄壁环件的切削合格率,对切削夹紧力和切断工艺进行研究,探寻较佳的加工工艺。方法 对纯钼薄壁环件进行加工工艺分析,确认不合格的关键原因;针对薄壁易变形问题,设计专用工装,使用有限元仿真进行夹紧受力分析;对不同液压卡盘液压值进行对比试验,确定最佳液压值,以降低切削形变;对不同切断刀具、切割方式进行对比试验,提高切断合格率;进行批量加工试验,以验证工艺优化的有效性。结果 车削夹紧力越大,工件内部应力越大,越容易发生形变。通过专用工装支撑切削,可以有效降低切削时工件的内应力和变形,有效提高薄壁环件同轴度的合格率。通过使用电加工线切割,以中走丝线切割代替车床切断,可以显著提高切断合格率,并保障加工效率。结论 加工工艺优化后,工件整体平均合格率由65.33%提高至92.00%,优化效果显著,为纯钼薄壁件加工提供了工艺参考。
Abstract
The work aims to study the cutting clamping force and cutting technology of pure molybdenum thin-walled rings, find the best processing technology, and improve the pass rate of cutting. The processing technology of pure molybdenum thin-walled rings was analyzed, and the key reasons for non-conformity were confirmed. Aiming at the problem that the thin wall is likely to deform, special tooling was designed. Finite element simulation was used to analyze the clamping force, and the hydraulic value of different hydraulic chucks was compared to determine the best hydraulic value to reduce the cutting deformation. Different cutting tools and cutting methods were compared to improve the pass rate of cutting. Batch processing experiments were carried out to verify the effectiveness of process optimization. The results showed that the greater the clamping force, the greater the internal stress of the workpiece, and the more likely to occur deformation. The special tool supporting cutting could effectively reduce the internal stress and deformation of the workpiece during cutting, and effectively improve the pass rate of the coaxiality of the thin-walled ring. Through the use of electric machining wire cutting, the medium wire cutting could be replaced by lathe cutting, which could significantly improve the pass rate of cutting and ensure the processing efficiency. After the optimization of the machining process, the overall average pass rate of the parts increases from 65.33% to 92.00%, and the optimization effect is remarkable, which provides a process reference for the processing of pure molybdenum thin-walled parts.
关键词
纯钼 /
薄壁件 /
变形 /
有限元分析 /
线切割
Key words
pure molybdenum /
thin-walled parts /
deformation /
finite element analysis /
wire cutting
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] 李明辉, 罗欢, 樊晓光, 等. 纯钼薄板各向异性拉压不对称性本构建模研究[J]. 精密成形工程, 2022, 14(1): 28-33.
LI M H, LUO H, FAN X G, et al.Constitutive Model of Anisotropic Tension-Compression Asymmetry of Thin Pure Molybdenum Sheet[J]. Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering, 2022, 14(1): 28-33.
[2] JAKOB S, LORICH A, KNABL W, et al.Evolution of Nano-Pores during Annealing of Technically Pure Molybdenum Sheet Produced from Different Sintered Formats[J]. International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, 2023, 110: 106032.
[3] GUO L H, LU L Y, WANG G Q, et al.Effect of Ultra-High Temperature Treatment on the Rolled Pure Molybdenum for Nuclear Thermal Propulsion[J]. International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, 2024, 125: 106863.
[4] 丁儒林. 钨和钼切削加工的试验研究[J]. 航天工艺, 1984(S1): 59-67.
DING R L.Experimental Study on Cutting of Tungsten and Molybdenum[J]. Aerospace Manufacturing Technology, 1984(S1): 59-67.
[5] 刘文彦. 纯钼的数控车削加工工艺[J]. 机械研究与应用, 2014, 27(3): 56-57.
LIU W Y.NC Lathe Machining Technology for Pure Molybdenum[J]. Mechanical Research & Application, 2014, 27(3): 56-57.
[6] 刘利民, 刘春梅, 郭怀鹏, 等. 纯钼等硬脆性回转薄壁件加工工艺路线研究[J]. 新技术新工艺, 2020(12): 20-25.
LIU L M, LIU C M, GUO H P, et al.Research on Machining Process Route of Hard and Brittle Rotary Thin-Walled Parts Including Pure Molybdenum[J]. New Technology & New Process, 2020(12): 20-25.
[7] 崔浩文, 何恩球, 白俊峰, 等. 薄壁圆环件装夹变形理论分析与仿真预测[J]. 机电工程技术, 2024, 53(5): 21-24.
CUI H W, HE E Q, BAI J F, et al.Theoretical Analysis and Simulation Prediction of the Clamping Deformation for Thin-Walled Ring[J]. Mechanical & Electrical Engineering Technology, 2024, 53(5): 21-24.
[8] GAN J N, DU K, JI X H, et al.Research about the Microcrack Mechanisms in Molybdenum and Corresponding Suppression Strategies during Laser Additive Manufacturing Process[J]. Materialia, 2024, 36: 102173.
[9] 段琳琳, 屈航, 卜春阳, 等. 高纯钼粉的制备技术及研究进展[J]. 中国钼业, 2024, 48(3): 1-7.
DUAN L L, QU H, BU C Y, et al.Preparation Technology and Research Progress of High-Purity Molybdenum Powder[J]. China Molybdenum Industry, 2024, 48(3): 1-7.
[10] GÖKÇE H, ÇIFTÇI İ, DEMIR H. Cutting Parameter Optimization in Shoulder Milling of Commercially Pure Molybdenum[J]. Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, 2018, 40(7): 360.
[11] 季明浩. 钛合金环形薄壁零件加工工艺研究[J]. 工具技术, 2006, 40(2): 44-47.
JI M H.Processing Technology Research of Ti-Alloy Ring Thin-Wall Workpiece[J]. Tool Engineering, 2006, 40(2): 44-47.
[12] 王奔, 赵明, 闫永达, 等. 夹紧力的施加顺序对薄壁机匣件装夹变形的影响[J]. 工具技术, 2023, 57(8): 107-111.
WANG B, ZHAO M, YAN Y D, et al.Influence of Order of Clamping Force on Clamping Deformation of Thin-Walled Magazine Parts[J]. Tool Engineering, 2023, 57(8): 107-111.
[13] 李浩, 赵威, 李小睿, 等. 基于刀具结构的T800-CFRP铣削刀具磨损抑制和加工质量优化[J]. 现代制造工程, 2024(6): 101-110.
LI H, ZHAO W, LI X R, et al.Tool Wear Suppression and Machining Quality Optimization for T800-CFRP Milling Based on Tool Structure[J]. Modern Manufacturing Engineering, 2024(6): 101-110.
[14] 郭湘宇, 辛道银. 薄壁圆环零件加工过程中变形控制研究[J]. 内燃机与配件, 2022(24): 70-72.
GUO X Y, XIN D Y.Study on Deformation Control of Thin-Walled Ring Parts during Machining[J]. Internal Combustion Engine & Parts, 2022(24): 70-72.
[15] 路春辉, 魏雁锐, 段新梅, 等. 基于有限元分析的薄壁圆环零件加工工艺研究[J]. 精密成形工程, 2024, 16(5): 156-163.
LU C H, WEI Y R, DUAN X M, et al.Machining Process of Thin-Walled Circular Ring Parts Based on Finite Element Analysis[J]. Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering, 2024, 16(5): 156-163.
[16] 沈伟东. 环形薄壁铝合金零件数控加工技术研究[D]. 包头: 内蒙古科技大学, 2023: 87.
SHEN W D.Research on NC Machining Technology of Ring Thin-wall Aluminum Alloy Parts[D]. Baotou: Inner Mongolia University of Science & Technology, 2023: 87.
[17] 马天军, 胡京军, 吕艳杰, 等. 低速走丝线切割机加工高温钼的参数设置及现象分析[C]//第13届全国特种加工学术会议论文集. 南昌, 2009: 245-247.
MA T J, HU J J, LYU Y J, et al.Parameter Settings and Phenomenon Analysis for Low-Speed Wire Electrical Discharge Machining of High-Temperature Molybdenum[C]//Proceedings of the 13th National Conference on Special Processing Technologies. Nanchang, 2009: 245-247.
[18] MOURALOVA K, BENES L, PROKES T, et al.Machining of Pure Molybdenum Using WEDM[J]. Measurement, 2020, 163: 108010.
[19] 张利军. 消除薄壁工件加工夹紧力变形的夹具技术研究[J]. 金属加工(冷加工), 2012(2): 38-39.
ZHANG L J.Research on Fixture Technology to Eliminate Clamping Force Deformation of Thin-Walled Workpiece Processing[J]. MW Metal Cutting, 2012(2): 38-39.
[20] 成宏军, 刘维伟, 单晨伟, 等. 基于ABAQUS的叶片精密数控加工夹具的优化设计[J]. 机械设计与制造, 2013(2): 254-256.
CHENG H J, LIU W W, SHAN C W, et al.Optimal Design of Blade Fixture on Precise NC Machining Based on ABAQUS[J]. Machinery Design & Manufacture, 2013(2): 254-256.
[21] 李莉芳. 薄壁管零件数控车削加工工艺研究[J]. 机械工程与自动化, 2016(3): 108-109.
LI L F.CNC Turning of Thin-Walled Tube Parts[J]. Mechanical Engineering & Automation, 2016(3): 108-109.
[22] MOURALOVA K, BENES L, ZAHRADNICEK R.Defects in the Surface Layer of Pure Molybdenum after WEDM[J]. Manufacturing Technology, 2017, 17(5): 786-790.
[23] MOURALOVA K, ZAHRADNICEK R, HRDY R.Using Wedm to Machine a Pure Molybdenum Welding Electrode[J]. MM Science Journal, 2017, 2017(5): 2109-2113.
[24] 裘立奋. 现代难熔金属和稀散金属分析[M]. 北京: 化学工业出版社, 2007.
QIU L F.Analysis of Modern Refractory Metals and Sparse Metals[M]. Beijing: Chemical Industry Press, 2007.
[25] 陈璇, 李瑞, 王娟, 等. 高能球磨时间对纯钼微观组织与力学性能的影响[J]. 中国钼业, 2022, 46(1): 53-56.
CHEN X, LI R, WANG J, et al.Effect of High-Energy Ball Milling Time on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Pure Molybdenum[J]. China Molybdenum Industry, 2022, 46(1): 53-56.
[26] 张伟, 魏刚, 肖新科. 2A12铝合金本构关系和失效模型[J]. 兵工学报, 2013, 34(3): 276-282.
ZHANG W, WEI G, XIAO X K.Constitutive Relation and Fracture Criterion of 2A12 Aluminum Alloy[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2013, 34(3): 276-282.
[27] 赵家黎, 邵坤鹏, 张盼盼, 等. 基于J-C本构模型的2A12铝合金高速铣削特性研究[J]. 兰州理工大学学报, 2021, 47(6): 45-49.
ZHAO J L, SHAO K P, ZHANG P P, et al.Study on High-Speed Milling Characteristics of 2A12 Aluminum Alloy Based on J-C Constitutive Model[J]. Journal of Lanzhou University of Technology, 2021, 47(6): 45-49.
[28] 徐捷, 邓奕, 张靖. 网格属性对航空薄壁圆筒车削仿真过程的影响[J]. 金刚石与磨料磨具工程, 2019, 39(1): 89-94.
XU J, DENG Y, ZHANG J.Influence of Mesh Type on the Cutting Simulation Quality of Aviation Thin-Walled Cylinder[J]. Diamond & Abrasives Engineering, 2019, 39(1): 89-94.
[29] 苏伟, 颜娟. 中走丝电火花线切割在硬质合金产品的应用研究[J]. 硬质合金, 2022, 39(2): 133-138.
SU W, YAN J.Research on Application of MS-WEDM in Cemented Carbide Products[J]. Cemented Carbides, 2022, 39(2): 133-138.
PDF(10894 KB)
渝公网安备 50010702501719号 渝ICP备15012534号-4
