目的 探索出适合2014铝合金的锻造工艺及相关参数。方法 选用不同锻造参数对2014铝合金挤压棒材进行锻压试验,锻造比选择7.5、5、2.5,锻造温度选择370、400、430 ℃,锻造速率选择1 mm/s和10 mm/s。试验后进行微观组织观察以及力学性能测试。结果 在其他参数相同的情况下,锻件晶粒尺寸随着锻造比、锻造温度的升高先减小后增大,锻件力学性能随着锻造比、锻造温度的升高先增强后减弱,当锻造速率由1 mm/s增加到10 mm/s时,锻件晶粒尺寸无明显变化,力学性能略微下降,得到了合适的锻造方案。结论 当锻造比为5、锻造温度为400 ℃、锻造速率为1 mm/s时,锻件抗拉强度达到512.5 MPa,屈服强度达到471.5 MPa,伸长率达到11%,综合性能较好。
Abstract
The work aims to explore the forging process and related parameters suitable for 2014 aluminum alloy. Forging tests were conducted on 2014 aluminum alloy extruded bars using different forging parameters. The forging ratios were selected as 7.5, 5, and 2.5, the forging temperature as 370, 400, and 430 ℃, and the forging rates as 1 mm/s and 10 mm/s. After the tests, microstructure observation and mechanical property tests were carried out. The analysis showed that under the same other parameters, the grain size of the forged piece first decreased and then increased with the increase of the forging ratio and forging temperature and the mechanical properties of the forged piece first increased and then decreased with the increase of the forging ratio and forging temperature. When the forging rate increased from 1 mm/s to 10 mm/s, there was no obvious change in the grain size of the forged piece, and the mechanical properties slightly decreased. A suitable forging scheme was obtained. Through the comparison of microstructure and mechanical properties under different forging parameters, when the forging ratio is 5, the forging temperature is 400 ℃, and the forging rate is 1 mm/s, the tensile strength of the forged piece reaches 512.5 MPa, the yield strength reaches 471.5 MPa, and the elongation reaches 11%, with good comprehensive performance.
关键词
2014铝合金 /
锻造比 /
锻造温度 /
锻造速率 /
微观组织 /
力学性能
Key words
2014 aluminum alloy /
forging ratio /
forging temperature /
forging rate /
microstructure /
mechanical properties
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