目的 改善ZL114A合金铸件在凝固结晶过程中出现的针片状共晶硅（Si）相割裂基体及粗大α-Al枝晶缺陷,进一步提高其力学性能。方法 采用超声振动和稀土Y变质法对ZL114A合金进行协同处理,超声振动功率为1 500 W,施振浇注温度为740 ℃,稀土Y含量（质量分数）为0%、0.3%、0.6%、0.9%。采用扫描电子显微镜、XRD衍射仪、数显维氏硬度机及电子万能试验机研究了稀土Y含量对超声处理ZL114A合金微观组织及力学性能的影响。结果 随着Y含量的增加,超声处理下的ZL114A合金α-Al枝晶晶粒的平均尺寸先减小后增大,当Y质量分数为0.6%时,晶粒最细,平均尺寸为202.60 μm。超声处理下的ZL114A合金的抗拉强度、显微硬度、伸长率均随着Y含量的增加而先增后减,且都在0.6%（质量分数）Y时取得最大值,分别为309.5 MPa、121.77HV、5.1%。而未添加Y时,ZL114A合金的抗拉强度、显微硬度、伸长率仅有261.5 MPa、110.42HV、4.33%。结论 稀土Y元素能够改善超声处理下ZL114A合金的共晶Si相和α-Al枝晶,并显著提高其抗拉强度和显微硬度。这表明通过合理添加稀土Y和施加超声振动,可以有效提升ZL114A合金铸件的综合性能。
Abstract
The work aims to address the defects such as needle-shaped eutectic silicon (Si) phases that fracture the matrix and coarse α-Al dendrites during the solidification and crystallization of ZL114A alloy castings, and to further enhance its mechanical properties. Ultrasonic vibration and rare earth Y modification were combines for synergistic treatment of ZL114A alloy. The ultrasonic vibration power was set at 1 500 W, with a pouring temperature of 740 ℃. The rare earth Y content (mass fraction) was varied at 0%, 0.3%, 0.6%, and 0.9%. The effects of different Y contents on the microstructure and mechanical properties of ZL114A alloy treated by ultrasonic vibration were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), digital Vickers hardness testing, and electronic universal testing. Results showed that as the Y content increased, the average grain size of α-Al dendrites in the ultrasonically treated ZL114A alloy initially decreased and then increased. At a Y content of 0.6wt.%, the grains were the finest, with an average size of 202.60 μm. The tensile strength, microhardness, and elongation of the ultrasonically treated ZL114A alloy all exhibited an initial increase followed by a decrease with the increasee of the Y content, reaching their maximum values at 0.6wt.%, which were 309.5 MPa, 121.77HV, and 5.1%, respectively. In contrast, the tensile strength, microhardness, and elongation of ZL114A alloy without Y addition were only 261.5 MPa, 110.42HV, and 4.33%, respectively. It can be concluded that the rare earth Y element effectively refines the eutectic Si phase and α-Al dendrites in ultrasonically treated ZL114A alloy, thereby significantly enhancing its tensile strength and microhardness. This suggests that rational addition of rare earth Y combined with ultrasonic vibration can effectively improve the overall performance of ZL114A alloy castings.
关键词
ZL114A合金 /
稀土Y变质 /
超声处理 /
微观组织 /
力学性能
Key words
ZL114A alloy /
modification by rare earth Y /
ultrasonic processing /
microstructure /
mechanical properties
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