目的 研究3 mm厚5052铝合金板搅拌摩擦焊（FSW）接头微观组织对力学性能和腐蚀性能的影响,以期为工程应用提供理论参考。方法 利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱分析仪、电子背散射衍射仪和透射电镜对接头进行微观组织表征,利用显微硬度计和万能试验机对接头显微硬度和拉伸性能进行测试,利用数字图像相关技术（DIC）测试接头应变分布,使用3.5%（质量分数）NaCl溶液进行浸泡腐蚀实验。结果 FSW后,搅拌区（SZ）晶粒显著细化,高角度晶界（HAGBs）和再结晶比例增加,小角度晶界（LAGBs）比例和内核平均取向差（KAM）值降低,KAM分布与LAGBs分布相吻合,连续动态再结晶（CDRX）为SZ晶粒细化机制;热力影响区（TMAZ）发生了动态回复和部分再结晶,而热影响区（HAZ）主要发生了动态回复,前进侧热影响区（HAZAS）动态回复程度最高。母材（BM）硬度最高,SZ硬度较高,热力影响区（TMAZ）硬度居中,HAZ硬度较低,而HAZAS硬度最低,为接头最薄弱区域。DIC测试接头在拉伸过程中各区应变分布不均匀而诱发应力集中,造成接头过早断裂。接头抗拉强度和延伸率分别为209 MPa和17%,与BM相比,下降了8.7%和10.5%,拉伸断裂位于HAZAS,拉伸断口呈韧性断裂特征。SZ和BM浸泡实验腐蚀类型为剥落腐蚀,SZ比BM耐蚀性好。结论 接头力学性能下降与接头不均匀的微观组织分布密切相关;微观组织中LAGBs比例或KAM值越小,耐蚀性越好。
Abstract
The work aims to investigate the effects of microstructure on mechanical and corrosion properties in friction stir welded (FSW) joints of 3 mm thick 5052 aluminum alloy plates, so as to provide theoretical references for engineering applications. The joint microstructure was characterized by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Microhardness and tensile properties were evaluated via a microhardness tester and an universal testing machine, while strain distribution was analyzed through digital image correlation (DIC). Immersion corrosion tests were conducted in 3.5% NaCl solution. After FSW, the stir zone (SZ) exhibited significant grain refinement with increased high-angle grain boundaries (HAGBs) and recrystallization fraction, along with reduced proportions of low-angle grain boundaries (LAGBs) and kernel average misorientation (KAM) values. The KAM distribution correlated with LAGBs distribution, confirming continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX) as the grain refinement mechanism in SZ. The thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ) underwent dynamic recovery and partial recrystallization, whereas the heat-affected zone (HAZ) primarily experienced dynamic recovery, with the advancing side HAZ (HAZAS) showing the highest degree of recovery. Hardness distribution revealed the base metal (BM) exhibited the highest hardness, followed by the SZ, while the TMAZ showed medium hardness. The HAZ had lower hardness, with the HAZAS being the softest region and the weakest part of the joint. The uneven strain distribution in each zone of the DIC test joint during the tensile process induced stress concentration, causing the joint to fracture. The tensile strength and elongation of the joint were 209 MPa and 17%, respectively. Compared with BM, they were decreased by 8.7% and 10.5%, respectively. The tensile fracture occurred in the HAZAS, and the fracture surface exhibited ductile fracture characteristics. Immersion tests identified exfoliation corrosion in both SZ and BM, with SZ exhibiting superior corrosion resistance. The mechanical degradation is attributed to heterogeneous microstructure distribution, while lower LAGBs proportion or KAM values correlate with enhanced corrosion resistance.
关键词
5052铝合金 /
FSW /
微观组织 /
CDRX /
力学性能 /
耐蚀性
Key words
5052 aluminum alloy /
FSW /
microstructure /
CDRX /
mechanical properties /
corrosion resistance
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基金
陕西省自然科学基础研究计划（2024JC-YBMS-360,2025JC-YBMS-567）
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