不同成分奥氏体不锈钢激光焊接工艺研究

刘辉; 黄苏; 张晓庆

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2025.08.022

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精密成形工程 ›› 2025, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (8) : 213-221. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2025.08.022

先进制造技术与装备

不同成分奥氏体不锈钢激光焊接工艺研究

刘辉^*, 黄苏, 张晓庆

作者信息 +

Laser Welding Process of Dissimilar Austenite Stainless Steel with Different Components

LIU Hui^*, HUANG Su, ZHANG Xiaoqing

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

目的采用光纤激光器对304和节镍型201奥氏体不锈钢进行激光对接试验,研究工艺参数对激光对焊接头力学性能、宏观形貌和显微组织的影响。方法基于三因素三水平正交试验法设计试验方案,对2 mm厚304和201奥氏体不锈钢进行激光对接焊接,以抗拉强度为指标,通过极差分析法优化焊接工艺。进一步研究工艺参数对焊缝成形、接头力学性能和微观组织的影响。结果焊接速度对接头拉剪力的影响最大,其次是离焦量,焊接功率的影响最小。焊缝中心区域显微硬度高于两侧304和201奥氏体不锈钢热影响区及母材区显微硬度。304和节镍型201奥氏体不锈钢激光焊对接焊缝成形良好,焊缝中心为细小的柱状树枝晶组织,熔合区为沿垂直于熔合线方向生长的粗大柱状晶组织。304和201奥氏体不锈钢激光焊对接接头存在的主要焊接缺陷为气孔,其产生主要受焊接速度和离焦量的影响,该缺陷会严重降低接头的力学性能。结论在给定试验参数范围内,最优工艺参数如下：焊接功率为1.4 kW,焊接速度为0.025 m/s,离焦量为-1 mm。可获得成形美观、性能优良的焊接接头,抗拉强度为724.33 MPa。

Abstract

The work aims to investigate the effects of laser welding process parameters on microstructure and mechanical properties of fiber laser butt welded joints of 304 and low-nickel 201 Austenitic stainless steel. The experimental scheme of laser butt welding was designed based on the orthogonal test of three factors and three levels for 2 mm thick 304 and 201 Austenitic stainless steel. With the tensile strength as the index, the welding process was optimized by the range analysis method. Then, the effects of laser welding parameters on weld forming and mechanical properties and microstructure of joints were studied. The welding speed had the greatest effect on the tensile shear force of joints, followed by the defocusing distance, and the welding power had the minimum effect. The microhardness of the weld zone was higher than that of the heat-affected zone and the base metal on both sides of 304 and 201 Austenitic stainless steel. The formation of laser butt welded joints of 304 and low-nickel 201 Austenitic stainless steel was well. The fine columnar dendritic structure was formed in the center of the welded joint and the coarse columnar structure grew perpendicular to the fusion line in the fusion zone. The main welding defect in the laser welded butt joints of 304 and 201 Austenitic stainless steel was porosity, which was mainly affected by welding speed and defocusing distance, and seriously reduced the mechanical properties of the welded joints. Within the range of given experimental parameters, the optimal process parameters are welding power of 1.4 kW, welding speed of 0.025 m/s, and defocusing distance of -1 mm, which is conductive to producing welded joints with beautiful shape and excellent performance as well as tensile strength of 724.33 MPa.

导出引用

刘辉, 黄苏, 张晓庆. 不同成分奥氏体不锈钢激光焊接工艺研究[J]. 精密成形工程. 2025, 17(8): 213-221 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2025.08.022

LIU Hui, HUANG Su, ZHANG Xiaoqing. Laser Welding Process of Dissimilar Austenite Stainless Steel with Different Components[J]. Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering. 2025, 17(8): 213-221 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-6457.2025.08.022

中图分类号： TG441.8

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